Polyphenols analysed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and
antioxidant activities of molasses, acorn and leaves of oak
(Quercus robur subsp. pedunculiflora)
Ercan Bursal
1
, Remzi Boğa
2
1
Muş Alparslan University, School of Health, Department of Nursing, Muş, Turkey - E-mail: ercanbursal@gmail.com;
2
Muş
Alparslan University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Muş, Turkey
Summary. Objectives: Te leaves of oak trees have been boiled in water and the extracts have been evaporated
to produce oak molasses. Colloidal precipitants have been widely used as dietary molasses since have very ef-
fective antiseptic functions as alternative medicine for ages in some parts of the world. Present study aimed to
investigate the biological activities of oak products for elucidating the scientifc basis of alternative medicine.
Tus, antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts of acorn, leaves and molasses of oak trees (Quercus
robur subsp. pedunculiflora) were evaluated. Results: We determined antioxidant activities of extracts by difer-
ent in vitro methods including DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS
•+
radical scavenging, total antioxidant
activity determination by ferric thiocyanate method, reducing power by FRAP methods, separately. Te re-
sults were compared with BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant compounds. Te acorn seed
extract, which presented the highest antioxidant potential, was the most efective scavenger against DPPH
free radical. Also, phenolic compounds of the molasses were identifed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Te high-
est phenolic compound was quinic acid (4556 ± 219 ppb). Conclusion: Acorns and leaves of oak trees (Quercus
robur subsp. pedunculiflora), as well as traditional oak molasses” have high antioxidant potential for the food
industry as a food ingredient to produce functional food products.
Key words: Antioxidant, phenolic acid, nutrition, acorn, Quercus, LC-MS/MS
Progress in Nutrition 2018; Vol. 20, Supplement 1: 167-175 DOI: 10.23751/pn.v20i1-S.5311 © Mattioli 1885
Original article
Abbreviations
BHA: Butylated Hydroxy Anisole, BHT: Butylated Hydroxy
Toluene, Vit C: Vitamin C, MYE: ethanol extract of oak leaves,
MYS: water extract of oak leaves, PKE: ethanol extract of acorn
shell, PKS: water extract of acorn shell, PÇE: ethanol extract
of acorn seed, PÇS: water extract of acorn seed, GPE: ethanol
extract of oak molasses, GPS: water extract of oak molasses
Introduction
Oak is classifed in the genus of Quercus, which
includes more than 300 species. Oak trees are char-
acterized by spirally arranged leaves and acorn fruits.
Te acorn is the nut of oak that contains a single seed.
Some animals such as birds, horses, squirrels, pigs,
bears, and small mammals consume large amounts of
acorns because of their taste and abundanct. Acorns
have been used as a source of food for many cultures
around the world especially in famine. Acorns have
frequently been used as food substitutes. Te nutri-
tional compositions of acorns were determined and
large amounts of water, protein, carbohydrates, fats,
and some minerals were detected (1). Acorns contain
tannins, which are plant polyphenols and also found
in several beverages including red wine, beer, cof-
fee, black tea, green tea, and many foodstufs such as