Open Access Library Journal
2019, Volume 6, e5604
ISSN Online: 2333-9721
ISSN Print: 2333-9705
DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105604 Sep. 17, 2019 1 Open Access Library Journal
On Standard Concepts Using ii-Open Sets
Beyda S. Abdullah, Amir A. Mohammed
Department of Mathematics, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
Following Caldas in [1] we introduce and study topological properties of
ii-derived, ii-border, ii-frontier, and ii-exterior of a set using the concept of
ii-open sets. Moreover, we prove some further properties of the well-known
notions of ii-closure and ii-interior. We also study a new decomposition of
ii-continuous functions. Finally, we introduce and study some of the separa-
tion axioms specifically
0ii
T ,
1ii
T .
Subject Areas
Mathematical Analysis
Keywords
α-Open Set, ii-Open Set, Separation Axioms
1. Introduction
The notion of α-open set was introduced by Njastad in [2]. Caldas in [1] intro-
duced and studied topological properties of α-derived, α-border, α-frontier,
α-exterior of a set by using the concept of α-open sets. In this paper, we intro-
duce and study the same above concepts by using ii-open sets. A subset A of X is
called ii-open set [3] if there exists an open set G in the topology
τ of X, such
that: , G X φ ≠ , ( ) A CL A G ⊆ and ( ) Int A G = , the complement of an
ii-open set is an ii-closed set. We denote the family of ii-open sets in ( ) , X τ by
ii
τ . It is shown in [4] that each of
ii
τ τ ⊂ and
ii
τ is a topology on X. This
property allows us to prove similar properties of α-open set. Also, we define
ii-continuous functions and we study the relation between this type of function
and continuous, semi-continuous, α-continuous and i-continuous functions.
Finally, we introduce a new type of separation axioms namely
0ii
T ,
1ii
T . We
prove similar properties and characterizations of
0
T and
1
T .
How to cite this paper: Abdullah, B.S. and
Mohammed, A.A. (2019) On Standard
Concepts Using ii-Open Sets. Open Access
Library Journal, 6: e5604.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105604
Received: July 15, 2019
Accepted: September 14, 2019
Published: September 17, 2019
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Open
Access Library Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access