VOL. 8, NO. 4, APRIL 2013 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2013 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
290
EFFECT OF POLYTHENE MODIFIED BITUMEN ON PROPERTIES
OF HOT MIX ASPHALT
Mutiu Akinpelu
1
, Bamidele I. O. Dahunsi
1
, Oladipupo Olafusi
1
, Olufemi Awogboro
1
and Adedeji Quadri
2
1
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Otta, Nigeria
E-Mail: madelodun@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The continuous increase in road traffic couple with an insufficient degree of maintenance due to shortage of funds
has caused an accelerated and continuous deterioration of the road network in Nigeria. To alleviate this process, several
types of measures are reported to be effective, for instance, securing funds for maintenance, improved roadway design, use
of better quality of materials and the use of more effective construction methods. Improving the quality of materials used in
road construction had been shown to improve road service performance in the wake of the increase usage. Practical
experience over the last four decades have shown that the modification of the bituminous binder with polymer additives
offers several benefits in asphalt concrete and has been tested in a number of countries around the World. The use of
polythene materials for pure water sachet in the country has received a great boost due to its abundant supply and high
resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and many chemicals. However the disposal of the waste
polythene materials in large quantities has been a problem all over the country. This study was therefore designed to
investigate the effect of polythene as contained in pure water sachet in the asphalt concrete properties. Polythene was
added in grinded state as binder modifier. It was introduced to the mixture by melting it in the bitumen used in preparing
the asphalt concrete mix. Marshall Mix design method was used, first to determine the optimum bitumen binder content
and then further to test the modified mixture properties. In total, 17 samples were prepared (10 samples were used to
determine the binder content and the remaining samples were used to investigate the effect of modifying the asphalt
mixtures). The optimum asphalt content was 7.0%. Six proportions of polyethylene by weight of the optimum binder
content were selected to be tested (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%). The properties tested include bulk density, stability and
flow of the concrete mix. The obtained optimum proportion of the modifier is 12.5% by the weight of the optimum
bitumen content. It is found to increase the stability, reduce the density and slightly reduce the flow of asphalt concrete
specimen. Findings from this study suggest that polythene modifier offers better engineering properties and its usage as
bitumen modifier could serve as a means of managing the waste menace.
Keywords: waste polythene, bituminous binder, asphalt mixture, optimum binder content, bulk density, stability, flow.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of polyethylene materials for pure water
sachet in the country has received a great boost due to its
abundant supply and high resistance to insects, fungi,
animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and many
chemicals. However the disposal of the waste polythene
materials in large quantities has been a problem all over
the country. These polythene break down in fire and form
hazardous smoke, and toxic fumes or ash, typically
containing hydrogen cyanide. Incinerating polythene to
recover the high energy used to create them is usually
expensive, so most of this polythene reaches the garbage
dumps, decaying very slowly. Some recycling is done on
them, usually creating pellets for reuse in the industry, but
this is done at a much lower scale. The mixing up of these
waste pure water sachets with other bio-degradable
organic waste materials in the garbage of the urban areas
is another problem of great concern. As a result, more
research need to be focused towards a better way of
managing these waste materials, so as to eliminate the
problems usually encountered in the present disposal
method.
In case it is possible to find useful application for
the waste polythene materials, there will be substantial
scrap value for this waste product and therefore they will
be collected and sold by interested persons, instead of
being littered or thrown out in the waste bins or into the
road side drains. Asphalt concrete is a composite material
commonly used in construction projects such as road
surfaces, airports and parking lots. It consists of bitumen,
used as a binder and mineral aggregate mixed together,
then lay down in layers and compacted [1].
The amount of aggregate in asphalt concrete
mixtures is generally 90 to 95 percent by weight and 75 to
85 percent by volume and they are primarily responsible
for the load supporting capacity of a pavement. The
binder, usually penetration grade bitumen is a viscoelastic
material with suitable mechanical and rheological
properties for waterproofing and protective coverings for
roofs and roads, because of its good adhesion properties to
aggregates [2, 3, 4, 5].
Ordinarily, the binder constitutes 5 to 10 percent
by weight of the concrete mixture and different grades like
30/40, 60/70 and 80/ 100 are available on the basis of their
penetration values.
The performance of the road pavement is strongly
influenced by the properties of the bituminous binder as
bitumen is the continuous phase and the only deformable
component [6]. However, Roads produced with bitumen
binders are subjected to many harsh environmental