ZfE | JSCA 146 (2021) 201–218 © 2021 Dietrich Reimer Verlag
Te Spectrum of Mistrust
Florian Mühlfried
Ilia State University (Georgia)
Abstract: Tis article attempts to open up pathways for ethnographic investigations of social practices
based on mistrust. Such practices have only recently come to be taken seriously in the wake of the
emergence of a ‘dark anthropology’ that pays particular attention to the social life of the alleged opposites
of virtues such as knowledge, connectivity, or trust. Analytically, I distinguish between open and hidden
as well as centripetal and centrifugal forms of mistrust. My examples mostly come from the Caucasus,
a region said to be saturated by mistrust. In addition to current performances of mistrust, I highlight
the history of such performances and their genealogies. Tis also means countering the prevailing ap-
proaches to (mis)trust, which mostly foreground mental dispositions (psychology) or rational strategies
(economy, political science) and often neglect historical embeddedness.
[trust, mistrust, dark anthropology, transition, post-socialism, Caucasus]
A Meltdown of Trust
Trust, so it seems, is one of the most endangered social resources at the present time.
Te 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer documented a dramatic decline in trust globally,
not only in politics and the economy, but also in the media and NGOs, a process the
pollster summarizes with the trenchant phrase a ‘meltdown of trust’. Since then the so-
called elites, defned by income and education, have regained some trust in institutions
situated in the so-called mainstream, but the general population largely continues to
distrust these. Te resulting condition is one of fundamental political alienation; ac-
cording to the Edelman agency, “[o]nly one in fve feels that the system is working for
them, with nearly half of the mass population believing that the system is failing them”
(Edelmann Trust Barometer 2017).
In the wake of post-truth politics, mistrust has arrived at the heart of Western
democracies. If there is one thing that Trump voters, yellow vests, anti-Islamists and
Brexiteers have in common, it is distrust in the ‘establishment’. From a liberal perspec-
tive, the quest of the day seems to be to restore ordinary citizens’ trust in recognized
forms of governance and expertise. Book titles such as Living in an Age of Mistrust: An
Interdisciplinary Study of Declining Trust and How to Get it Back (Yeo and Green eds.
2017) not only express the (perceived) omnipresence of mistrust today, but also the
longing for trust to be regained. In a similar vein, Francis Fukuyama (1995) previously
argued that the vanishing of trust in the USA was hampering the continuation of the