CASIRJ Volume 9 Issue 2 [Year - 2018] ISSN 2319 – 9202 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 287 Use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Environmental Models Kapil Prabhakar Patil 1 , MS Prashanth 2 , KN Nikam 3 , NS Masal 4 Prakash Geriyol 5 and Kedar Nath Sharma 1 1. Department of Geography, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, UP, India 2. Department of Zoology, Sagar Gangotri College of Education, Ullur, Sagar, Karnataka. 3. Department of Zoology, 4. Department of Geography, R. B. Madkholkar Mahavidyalay, Chandgad, Kolhapur, India 5. Department of Toxicology, Krish Biotech Research Pvt. Ltd. Kalyani, West Bengal. Abstract: The paper describes the concepts behind an integration of dynamic models and GIS. This section continues with an overview of the generic functionality required for an integrated GIS-dynamic model environment and an overview of current state-of the-art GIS-programs in relation to this required functionality. A prototype GIS for dynamic modelling, called PCRaster, is presented, which has been developed as part of this thesis: it is an operational implementation of the ideas and concepts discussed. The GIS and a specific toolbox with modules for dynamic modelling. INTRODUCTION This research work provides an historical overview of both environmental modeling and the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The ongoing evolution of GIS is also described. Special attention is paid to the four GIS and Environmental Modeling Conferences that were held in the years 1991, 1993, 1996 and 2000. There is a brief discussion of the tight, loose and multiple coupling debates that are concerned with the extent to which GIS and environmental modeling are integrated. The chapter concludes with a comparison of the present state-of-the-art in modeling the environment using GIS followed by a speculative look at the future of the sub-discipline of GIS and environmental modeling. As the various topics are introduced the reader is directed to other chapters in the book that deal with these issues in more depth and detail. We aim to show here, and in the remaining chapters, that linking GIS and environmental modeling is a most demanding task. Our environment varies and changes continuously in space and time. It involves the action and interaction of many variables from the inanimate, animate and social environments. These are the characteristics that make environmental modeling within a GIS framework so demanding. In the discussion below it will be seen that GIS are particularly effective at handling spatial data and that, over the years, they have gradually become more adept at handling spatial analysis. GIS are not well designed for handling either time or the interactions of continuously changing variables. By contrast, models