Semantic Middleware Architectures for IoT Healthcare Applications Rita Zgheib 1(B ) , Emmanuel Conchon 2(B ) , and R´ emi Bastide 3(B ) 1 Universit´ e de Pau & Pays Adour, E2S-UPPA, LIUPPA, 64600 Anglet, France rzgheib@iutbayonne.univ-pau.fr 2 Universit´ e de Limoges, XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France emmanuel.conchon@xlim.fr 3 Universit´ e de Toulouse, ISIS-IRIT, Campus Universitaire, 81104 Castres, France remi.bastide@irit.fr Abstract. The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has received considerable interest in the past decade. Indeed, IoT-based solutions are poised to transform how we keep people safe and healthy especially as the demand for solutions to lower healthcare costs increases in the coming years. However, the heterogeneity of the things that can be connected in such environments makes interoperability among them a challenging problem. Moreover, the observations produced by these things are made available with various vocabularies and data formats. This heterogeneity prevents generic solutions from being adopted on a global scale and makes difficult to share and reuse data for other purposes than those for which they were initially set up. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of the different solutions from both technical and semantic perspectives that have been used recently to tackle the inter- operability issue in such IoT environments and especially in healthcare domain. We also present an overview of semantic middleware solutions that have combined the technical and semantic techniques for a complete interoperable solution. Keywords: Semantic architecture · Ontology · Middleware Internet of Things 1 Introduction With the evolution of smart connected devices in the last decades, the world keeps asking “How smart will the Internet of Things be?”. We all know that sensors are already embedded in all sorts of objects, machines, and things and that many of those sensors are communicating with other machines over the Internet. IoT is a reality today, and its power on improving the quality of life and business is quite remarkable. In this context, building IoT-based healthcare applications provides the possibility to improve people lives. However, IoT in This chapter is an extended version of Chap. 2 of Rita Zgheib’s Ph.D. c  The Author(s) 2019 I. Ganchev et al. (Eds.): Enhanced Living Environments, LNCS 11369, pp. 263–294, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10752-9_11