1
Abstract—In [1], we have shown that it is feasible to design
filters with arbitrary waveform responses and therefore we
propose an ultra-wideband pulse generator incorporating a filter
with a Daubechies’ impulse response (i.e. maximally flat over the
desired frequency range). This pulse generator is co-designed
with wideband antennas. An eight-order Padé approximation of
its transfer function is selected to implement the FCC stipulated
frequency spectrum. Subsequently, the orthonormal [2] form is
adopted, which is intrinsically semi-optimized for dynamic range,
has low sensitivity to component mismatch, high sparsity and
whose coefficients can be physically implemented. Each
coefficient in the state-space description of the orthonormal
ladder filter is implemented at circuit level using a novel 2-stage
gm cell employing negative feedback. Simulation results in IBM’s
CMOS 0.13μm technology show that this pulse generator
requires a total current of 25mA from a 1.2V power supply. The
frequency coverage of the simulated waveform is about 85% of
the FCC mask.
Index Terms–analog integrated circuits, Daubechies’ wavelets,
filter approximation, low power, state-space description, impulse
radio, ultra-wideband
I. INTRODUCTION
Ultrawideband (UWB) technology has gained much interest
during the last few years as a potential candidate for future wireless
short-range data communication. A particular type of UWB
communication is impulse radio, where very short transient pulses
are transmitted rather than a modulated carrier. The United States
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has officially endorsed
ultra-wideband technology for commercial wireless applications.
Although impulse radio ultra-wideband technology promises
enhanced data throughput with low-power consumption, it
inseparably introduces several challenging design issues. The FCC
allocated spectrum for UWB lies from 3.1-10.6GHz. As ultra-
wideband systems transmit at very low spectral densities and occupy
a large amount of bandwidth, it thus is unequivocal that the pulse
generator’s performance be optimized for maximum energy
efficiency.
In literature, it is seen that one of the most attractive qualities of
Daubechies’ wavelets [3] is that they are window-like functions in
the frequency domain. This single characteristic accounts for their
S. Bagga, S. A. P. Haddad, Wouter A. Serdijn and John R. Long are with
the Electronics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology,
Mekelweg 4, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands (e-mail: {s.bagga, s.haddad,
w.a.serdijn, j.r.long}@ewi.tudelft.nl).
unique localization property and therefore the Daubechies’ wavelet
can be used as the transmitted waveform in impulse radio UWB.
In Figures 1a and 1b show the mother wavelet and the scaling
function of order 8, where the latter is often used to generate the
mother wavelet.
a) Mother Wavelet
b) Scaling Function
Fig. 1 Daubechies’ Scaling and Mother Wavelets
Like in [1], a transfer function whose impulse response
approximates either the scaling or the mother wavelet can be
generated. As Daubechies’ wavelet functions are designed to have
large number of zero crossings, for the simplification in numerical
computation, the scaling function is chosen, which has fewer zero
crossings. This property facilitates the transfer function design
synthesis.
In this paper we propose an FCC compliant pulse generator for
impulse radio ultrawideband communications. A system model is
An FCC Compliant Pulse Generator for
IR-UWB Communications
S. Bagga, S. A. P. Haddad, W. A. Serdijn and J. R. Long
81 ISCAS 2006 0-7803-9390-2/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE