DOI: 10.1002/yd.20417
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Critical social class and leadership practices
Tori Svoboda Adele Lozano
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
Correspondence
Tori Svoboda, University of Wisconsin–La
Crosse, 345F Morris Hall, 1725 State Street,
UW-La Crosse, La Cross, WI 54601, USA.
Email: tsvoboda@uwlax.edu
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of critical per-
spectives on social class and leadership and describes
a culturally sustaining and class-conscious leadership
approach. Case scenarios illustrate using the approach
for reflective practice.
As former student affairs professionals and current student affairs preparation program
faculty, we notice people typically equate “class” with socioeconomic status, mostly based
on family income, but sometimes also including parental occupation and education or
family wealth. College administrators pay some attention to the trajectories of Pell Grant-
eligible students, just as K-12 administrators document the performance of “free/reduced
lunch” students in a school district. Most people understand social class of origin influ-
ences whether students attend any postsecondary education, where they enroll (in terms
of institutional selectivity and proximity to home), and how they persist, but little attention
is paid to how social class of origin shapes other phenomena such as leadership practices.
Research about social class offers few common definitions and it is difficult to tease
apart other variables such as race or ethnicity. Some research conflates social class with
first-generation college student status. Not all first-generation college students are from
poor or working-class backgrounds, and not all students from poor or working-class back-
grounds are first generation college students, even as those may be connected for some
(Goward, 2018). Research on low-income or first-generation students of color does not
always include a class analysis, and research on low-income or white first-generation col-
lege students does not always include a race analysis. And yet, race and class are both
present, at all times. Few researchers adopt a race+class (Sarcedo et al., 2015) analysis, yet
as Park (2018) adeptly illustrates, equity is best achieved when both race and class are con-
sidered.
Critical leadership development encourages us to examine leadership practice from a
social class lens. Dugan and Humbles (2018) explain that critical leadership development
“examines how taken-for-granted assumptions, power, and inequity influence how leader
roles and leadership processes are understood, experienced, and enacted” (p. 11). A class-
conscious approach to leadership—one that explores the complex intersections between
class, race, and gender (among other variables)—reveals how contemporary leadership
practices affirm white and middle, upper/professional class norms and advances class
inequities while appearing to be neutral.
New Dir Stud Lead. 2021;2021:23–31. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals, LLC. 23 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/yd