Available online at www.ijmrhs.com I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f M e d i c a l R e s e a r c h & H e a l t h S c i e n c e s • I J M R H S • International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2021, 10(1): 83-88 83 ISSN No: 2319-5886 Correlation between Duration of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Depression by Using Paid Scale-A Cross-Sectional Study Jeba Chitra 1 , Pooja Motar 2* 1 KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2 MGM School of Physiotherapy, Aurangabad, A Constituent Unit of MGMIHS, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding e-mail: poojamotar5@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has reached epidemic proportions globally. According to WHO “Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired defciency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Such a defciency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which in turn damage many of the body’s systems, in particular, the blood vessels and nerves” [1]. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is 8.5%, in India 7.1%, Karnataka (Belagavi region) 16% [2-4]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type, which results from the body’s inability to respond properly to the action of insulin produced by the pancreas [3]. The prevalence of type 2 DM is 4.7% of the world’s population, in India 8.7% and Karnataka 18.8% [4-6]. The causes are overweight, obesity, physical inactivity, genetic mutations, hormonal diseases, damage or removal of the pancreas, etc. [7]. According to WHO depression is a very serious problem with a global prevalence of 4.4% of the world’s population, in India 7.5% and Karnataka11.6% [8-10]. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), depression is also known as major depressive disorder or clinical depression which is a common and serious mood disorder. Those who have depression experience persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed [11]. The symptoms must be present for at least two weeks [11]. The common chronic medical conditions which lead to depression are HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, strokes and Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, metabolic ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of depression in diabetes mellitus is 46.15%. There is an association of mood, glycemic control, and cognition and behavior problems in Type II DM which disturbs the HPA-axis and increases the production of cortisol leading to an increase in insulin resistance. Thus, we aimed to analyze the correlation between the duration of type 2 DM and Depression. Methods: A total of 60 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional correlation study. The patients were between 20-40 years of age with 5, 10, and 15 years of type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on medications. The individuals who are diagnosed with type 1 DM, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or any neurological conditions were excluded. The correlation between the duration of type 2 DM and Depression was assessed using Problem Areas In Diabetes scale (PAID). Results: The Chi-square test showed a higher depression level in Group C than A and lowest in Group B. There was no signifcant correlation seen in Depression with age and BMI. But there was a signifcant correlation seen between the Duration of type 2 DM and Depression (p-value=0.0137*). It indicates a strong positive correlation between Depression and Duration of type 2 DM. Conclusion: The study demonstrated there was a signifcant correlation between Depression and Duration of type 2 DM. Keywords: Depression, Duration of type 2 DM, Problem Areas In Diabetes scale (PAID) Abbreviations: T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; PAID scale: Problem Areas In Diabetes Scale; HPA-axis: Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis; SNS: Sympathetic Nervous System; Asteric: Signifcant Value