Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 604598, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/604598 Research Article Genetic Dissection of New Genotypes of Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker Shamsuddeen Rufai, 1 M. M. Hanafi, 1 M. Y. Rafii, 1 S. Ahmad, 2 I. W. Arolu, 1 and Jannatul Ferdous 1 1 Food Crops Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Correspondence should be addressed to M. M. Hanaf; mmhanaf@agri.upm.edu.my Received 18 January 2013; Revised 12 March 2013; Accepted 27 March 2013 Academic Editor: Kok Tat Tan Copyright © 2013 Shamsuddeen Rufai et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Te knowledge of genetic diversity of tree crop is very important for breeding and improvement program for the purpose of improving the yield and quality of its produce. Genetic diversity study and analysis of genetic relationship among 20 Moringa oleifera were carried out with the aid of twelve primers from, random amplifed polymorphic DNA marker. Te seeds of twenty M. oleifera genotypes from various origins were collected and germinated and raised in nursery before transplanting to the feld at University Agricultural Park (TPU). Genetic diversity parameter, such as Shannon’s information index and expected heterozygosity, revealed the presence of high genetic divergence with value of 1.80 and 0.13 for Malaysian population and 0.30 and 0.19 for the international population, respectively. Mean of Nei’s gene diversity index for the two populations was estimated to be 0.20. In addition, a dendrogram constructed, using UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance, grouped the twenty M. oleifera into fve distinct clusters. Te study revealed a great extent of variation which is essential for successful breeding and improvement program. From this study, M. oleifera genotypes of wide genetic origin, such as T-01, T-06, M-01, and M-02, are recommended to be used as parent in future breeding program. 1. Introduction Drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a short to medium height tree with luxurious evergreen leaves, was said to have originated from Himalayan tract in northwestern part of India [1–4]. Te tree has a true diploid chromosome 2n = 28 with a distinguished tripinnate leaves having yellow or white petiole streaks [5, 6]. Moringa is potentially one of the planet’s most valuable plants, at least in humanitarian terms [7] and has been regarded as a wonder tree due to its great economic importance and uses [3, 7]. Its pods were reported to have a protein content ranging from 20 to 30%, with a high vitamin C content. Te moringa seeds were found to exhibit the property of natural coagulants/focculants, which allows for growing of the tree for the purpose of usage by water and sewage treatment plant to clear turbidity in drinking water and sludge in sewage [8]. Similarly, the nutritive value of this plant for animals has been documented by Mendieta-Araica et al. [1], who reported that moringa contains large amount of crude protein, iron, zinc, and high concentration of vitamins A, B, and C in its foliage sample which makes it a very good feed and fodder for animals to browse and graze upon [9]. With respect to oil quality, M. oleifera seed concentrate contains about 35–45% seed oil, having odourless and colour- less physical properties [10]. Te edible oil is highly nutritious and is extracted by boiling the seeds with water and collecting the oil from the surface of the water [9, 11]. Te seed oil has high concentration of oleic acid (>73%) coupled with low polyunsaturated fatty acid, which gives the oil an outstanding and remarkable oxidative stability properties. Te suitability