*For correspondence. E-mail: why@korea.kr; Tel.: +82-63-238-3042; Fax: +82-63-238-3834 § Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://www.springerlink.com/content/120956. Jae-Hyung Ahn, Jun-Muk Lim, Soo-Jin Kim, Jaekyeong Song, Soon-Wo Kwon, and Hang-Yeon Weon * Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 565-851, Republic of Korea (Received Oct 15, 2014 / Revised Nov 10, 2014 / Accepted Nov 10, 2014) Journal of Microbiology (2014) Vol. 52, No. 12, pp. 990–994 Copyright  2014, The Microbiological Society of Korea DOI 10.1007/s12275-014-4587-x Nocardioides paucivorans sp. nov. Isolated from Soil § One strain, designated KIS31-44 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea. The strain is Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non- motile. It grows optimally at 28–30°C, at pH 7.0 and 0% NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KIS31-44 T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest sequence similarities with Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056 T (95.5%) and Nocardioides terrae VA15 T (95.0%). The major fatty acids of strain KIS31-44 T were C 17:1 ω6c, C 18:1 ω9c, summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c), iso-C 16:0 , C 18:0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16:0 2-OH, C17:0 10-methyl, and iso-C16:1 H. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H 4 ). The strain contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids. The peptido- glycan structure was A3γ-type with LL-diaminopimelic acid. Based on these data, the isolate represents one novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides paucivorans sp. nov. (type strain KIS31-44 T =DSM 27142 T =KACC 17309 T ) is proposed. Keywords: Nocardioides paucivorans, polyphasic taxonomy, novel species, soil Introduction The genus Nocardioides, first described by Prauser (1976), is a member of the family Nocardioidaceae, in the class Acti- nobacteria. Since then, many new species which were iso- lated from diverse environments such as soil, sand, tidal flat sediment, water, cryoconite, plants, sludge, plankton, lichen, glacier, and oil shale, were validly named into the genus Nocardioides. At the time of writing, 73 species were on the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (http://www.bacterio.cict.fr). The genus was characterized as the presence of the LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (LL-Dpm) in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major menaquinone MK-8 (H4) (Prauser, 1976; O’Donnell et al., 1982; Urzì et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2009). As the major fatty acids, many spe- cies of the genus Nocardioides contained iso-C 16:0 , C 17:1 ω8c or C18:1 ω9c, however, some species had C16:0, C17:0, C15:0, iso- C 15:0 or iso-C 17:0 (Cui et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009, 2012; Yamamura et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2013). In the course of analysis of the bacterial population in a soil sample collected from Dokdo Island, South Korea, we isolated strain KIS31-44 T , which was shown to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides on the basis of phe- notypic data and phylogenetic inference. Materials and Methods Bacterial strains The strain KIS31-44 T was isolated through the serial dilution technique using R2A (Becton Dickinson, USA) agar at the incubation temperature of 28°C for a week. The isolate was routinely cultivated on R2A at 28°C and stored as aqueous glycerol suspensions (20%, v/v) at -70°C. The reference strains Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056 T and Nocardioides terrae VA15 T were grown on R2A medium at 28°C for biochemical and physiological tests. Phylogenetic analysis Chromosomal DNA was isolated with a Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega, USA). 16S rRNA gene of strain KIS31-44 T was amplified using two universal primers, as described previously (Kim et al., 2013). 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined at GenoTech Corp. (Korea) using sequencing primers 800R (5-TACCAGGGTATCTAATCC- 3), 518F (5-CCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACG-3) and 984F (5-AACGCGAAGAACCTTAC-3). The 16S rRNA gene se- quence of strain KIS31-44 T was compared with those from EzTaxon (Kim et al., 2012) and the GenBank database (http:// blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were calculated using the EzTaxon server. Align- ment of the sequence data was performed with the SILVA Incremental Aligner (Pruesse et al., 2012). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA version 5.1 (Tamura et al., 2011) on the basis of the neighbor-joining (Saitou and Nei, 1987), maximum-parsimony (Kluge and Farris, 1969), and maximum-likelihood (Felsenstein, 1981) algorithms. In each case bootstrap values were calculated based on 1,000 repli- cations. Nucleotide sequence accession number The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS31-44 T is KJ135311.