BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 22, Number 10, October 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4633-4647 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221057 Review: Traditional knowledge of the Dayak Tribe (Borneo) in the use of medicinal plants FATIHA RISTYA AZ-ZAHRA 1 , NERIZA LARAS WIDYA SARI 1 , RAIHANI SAPUTRY 1 , GILANG DWI NUGROHO 2 , SUNARTO 1 , TEGUH PRIBADI 3 , AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN 1,♥ 1 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Jend. Urip Sumoharjo No. 179, Surakarta 57128, Central Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-271-663375, ♥ email: volatileoils@gmail.com 2 Biodiversitas Study Club, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia 3 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PGRI Palangkaraya. Jl. Hiu Putih, Tjilik Riwut Km.7, Palangka Raya 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Manuscript received: 8 August 2021. Revision accepted: 30 September 2021. Abstract. Az-Zahra FR, Sari NLW, Saputry R, Nugroho GD, Sunarto, Pribadi T, Setyawan AD. 2021. Review: Traditional knowledge of the Dayak Tribe (Borneo) in the use of medicinal plants. Biodiversitas 22: 4633-4647. Dayak is the name for the native inhabitants of the island of Borneo. The Dayak Tribe uses natural and forest products in plants as traditional medicine for health treatment. This study aims to obtain information about the utilization of medicinal plants in the Dayak Tribe. The knowledge about traditional medicine by utilizing medicinal plants has been obtained from their ancestors since ancient times and inherited from generation to generation. The use of various medicinal plants used by the Dayak Tribe has differences in terms of the part of the plant taken, how to process it, and how to use it. This is because each Dayak Sub-tribe has its role model for using these medicinal plants. For example, the leaves are used in one area, and it could be that the plant roots are used in other areas. This paper reviews the use of medicinal plants to treat various diseases by 6 Dayak sub-tribes, namely: Desa Dayak Sub-tribe (member of Iban Dayak), Jangkang Dayak Sub-tribe (member of Klemantan Dayak), Bakumpai Dayak Sub-tribe (member of OtDanum-Ngaju Dayak), Kenyah Dayak Sub-tribe (member of Apokayan Dayak), Tagol Dayak Sub-tribe (member of Murut Dayak), and Siang Dayak Sub-tribe (member of Punan Dayak). The results from 6 Dayak Sub-tribes revealed 63 families of plants from which 133 species. The family most widely used for medicinal plants, namely Euphorbiaceae, consists of 9 species, and the leaf is the most commonly used part of the plants (47%). The traditional knowledge of the Dayak Tribe in utilizing plant resources will significantly help preserve biodiversity and domestication of medicinal plants. Suppose medicinal plants are exploited more than they should. In that case, it will undoubtedly have a significant impact on their availability in the forest area, and if it continues, it will cause the extinction of certain species. This implies the importance of preserving local wisdom in the Dayak Tribe so that the use of nature is done wisely and so that it remains sustainable. By knowing the benefits of medicinal plants, Dayak Tribe will want to conserve these medicinal plants to be used in the future. Keywords: Borneo, Dayak Tribe, ethnobotany, Kalimantan, medicinal plants INTRODUCTION Indonesia's biodiversity is significant for the sustainability of the nation's life. This is not because Indonesia is one of the wealthiest countries globally in terms of biodiversity, but because it is closely related to local cultural diversity and traditional knowledge (Sujarwo et al. 2014). The relationship between biodiversity and local systems that live in the community can be seen in the daily life of traditional communities in meeting the needs for food, clothing, shelter, medicine, and spirituality (Khan et al. 2013; Matthew et al. 2013; Putri et al. 2016; Batoro et al. 2019; Rohman et al. 2019a,b; Panjaitan et al. 2020). These traditional and local ecological knowledge are valuable sources of information that get international recognition (Junior and Santos 2017). Traditional medicine, which generally comes from plants, has been known for a long time. Traditional medicinal plants are natural ingredients that have traditionally been used for treatment based on the experiences of local communities themselves (Ragragio et al. 2013; Balangcod and Balangcod 2015; Molina et al. 2015; Che et al. 2017; Hussain et al. 2019; Tounekti et al. 2019). Knowledge about traditional medicine is passed down from generation to generation by the ancestors of the Indonesian nation (Gruyal et al. 2014; Sabran et al. 2016; Ducusin 2017; Gaddy 2020). Medicinal plants in Indonesia have been going on since ancient times and have even become a culture (Son et al. 2019). Although broadly the same, each region or ethnic group has its characteristics in terms of traditional medicine, this is triggered by natural conditions, especially the availability of medicinal plants in each region, as well as differences in culture and customs the background for the use of these medicinal plants (Jaiswal et al. 2016). Medicinal plants can be used from certain parts, including roots, stems, leaves, fruit, seed, and their excretions that