International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 11 | Nov 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 222 Algae is an Efficient Source of Biofuel Hirak Parikh P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT) -------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract— The search for a sustainable alternate fuel has already been fuelled by the depletion of fossil resources, rising costs, rising demand, and global climate change concerns. Microalgae have emerged as a possible biofuel feedstock because certain strains accumulate more lipid, grow faster, and have higher photosynthetic output than terrestrial plants. Algae biofuels have the potential to be a viable alternative to fossil fuels; nevertheless, this technology must overcome a lot of barriers before it can compete in the fuel market and be extensively adopted. These concerns include strain identification and improvement in terms of both oil productivity and crop protection, fertiliser and resource allocation and use, and the production of co-products to improve the overall economics of the system. Although there is considerable excitement about the potential of algae biofuels, there is much more work to be done in the industry. A decade ago, algae's energy potential was all the rage in the world of green technology. Algae fuel, also known as third-generation biofuel, includes numerous considerable advantages over earlier feedstocks based on plant crops such as sugar cane and maize, as well as vegetable or animal waste streams. We highlight the opportunities for hastening the strain incentive program that have arisen as a result of recent advances in the use of genome editing in microalgae. Keywords— algae; biodiesel; large-scale production; transport I. INTRODUCTION Algae are creatures that grow in water and create energy through photosynthesis with the help of oxygen. There are two kinds of algae: macroalgae and microalgae. Macroalgae are massive, multicellular algae that grow in ponds and can be measured in inches. These larger algae have the potential to grow in a variety of ways. The term "seaweed" refers to the largest multicellular algae, such as the massive kelp plant, which may grow to be over 100 feet long. Microalgae, on the other hand, are minute, unicellular algae that grow in suspension inside a body of water and are measured in micrometres. From the manufacture of plastics and fertilisers to the provision of energy for lighting, warmth, and transportation, the global economy is dependent on fossil fuels to function. Our expanding population and economy will need more use of fossil fuels. Data show that as countries' GDP per capita rises, so will their need for fossil fuels, as will competition for these limited resources. In addition, there is a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration, as well as the likelihood of significant greenhouse gas-mediated climate change, which now appears to affect all parts of the earth. Finally, petroleum, which is derived in part from ancient algae deposits, is a limited resource that will eventually run out or become too expensive to obtain. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy source that is directly linked to pollution of the air, water, and land, as well as climate change. A substantial amount of fossil fuels is utilised as motor fuel in various forms of transportation, power plants, and agriculture. On the other hand, as the number of transportation facilities increases and, as a result, the amount of fuel consumed, the world faces the challenge of finding alternative fuels as fossil fuel reserves dwindle. To satisfy growing standards, the world has seen a growth in energy consumption and fuel exploitation by emerging nations, especially India and Africa, during the previous few decades. The main concerns associated with current energy insecurity include increased industrialization based on fossil fuels, record high gasoline prices, increased reliance on Middle Eastern oil suppliers, and the negative impact of fossil resources on greenhouse gas emissions, which puts societal pressure on. The factors are difficult and must be handled, ranging from individual national thirst to changes in the environmental picture and tension between nations over fuel usage. Biofuel is gaining popularity since it is not only a renewable energy source, but it is also non-toxic, biodegradable, and has a minimal environmental and climatic effect. They are commonly referred to as solid, liquid, or gas fuels derived from or produced from biomass, which is biological material derived from living creatures. Unlike other forms of renewable energy such as wind, tidal, and solar, liquid biofuels allow solar energy to be stored as well as used directly in existing engines and transportation infrastructure. The most common biofuels are biodiesel and bioethanol. Among the others are green diesel, vegetable oil, biogas, and syngas. Depleting fossil supplies, soaring global crude oil prices, the energy crisis, and alarming global warming reports have all increased global interest in alternative renewable energy sources. In comparison to solar, tidal, and wind energies, biomass-derived liquid fuels have emerged as the most desirable source of renewable energy since they are easily stored, transported, and used directly in automobiles and other transport engines. Biofuels generated from photosynthetic organism-based feedstocks, such as land plants and aquatic microalgae, have the ability to fulfil global energy demands while also offering carbon-neutral solutions and permitting carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere.