© Kamla-Raj 2016 J Sociology Soc Anth, 7(3): 175-183 (2016)
Exploring the Realities of the Unknown:
Dreams and their Interpretations
Rendani Tshifhumulo
University of Venda, Sociology Department, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province,
Box 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa 0950
Telephone: 015 962 8404, E-mail: <rendani.tshifhumulo2@univen.ac.za>
KEYWORDS Figures. Images. Mind. Symbols. Supernatural. Venda Culture
ABSTRACT Dreams have been considered important throughout history by most cultures. Dreams are considered
prophetic or to have an ominous significance. This paper explores the reality of dreams in prophetic functions
within the Tshivenda speaking people in South Africa. Ten students from the School of Human and Social Sciences
were interviewed qualitatively on their experiences on dreams and the understanding of interpretations thereof.
The researcher was motivated by a dream, which was experienced by a minor in the family and it came to pass
within three months. Dreams in this study are categorized into those that emanate from continuous thoughts of a
human being and those that are supernatural from divine intervention. The second category is the one that can
come to pass, either as it is or as interpreted.
INTRODUCTION
This paper seeks to construct knowledge on
dreams and their social interpretations as relat-
ed to Vhavenda speaking people. Dreams are
successions of images, emotions, and sensa-
tions that occur involuntarily in the mind during
certain stages of sleep. Hall defined dreams as
“a succession of images, predominantly visual
in quality, which are experienced during a sleep”.
A dream, commonly, has one or more scenes,
several characters in addition to the dreamer and
a sequence of actions and interactions involv-
ing a dreamer. It resembles a motion picture of a
dramatic production in which a dreamer is both
a participant and an observer. Since the events
of a dream do not actually take place, the dream-
er experiences it as though he was seeing some-
thing real (Faraday 1972, from Osore 2011). Os-
ore added that dreams have survival value to
the human species at its present age. It is as-
sumed that dreams can bring out all hidden tal-
ents and potentialities one never knew one pos-
sesses. One of the great physicists who ever
lived got his breakthrough in a dream and a the-
ory of relativity was born.
Many ancient societies like Egypt and Greece
have for years considered a dream as a super-
natural communication or an omen of divine in-
tervention whose message people with certain
powers could unravel. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung
and Calvin Hall spend time studying content
analysis of dreams, but it in spite of the univer-
sal and common experience of dreaming, its pur-
pose and mechanism is still unknown (Menczer
2014). Freud in Gordon (1998) retrieved the dream
from the domain of soothsayers and diviners.
He looked beyond the physiological descrip-
tion as mere bodily and sensory stimuli. Freud
recognized the cogent determinants of dreams.
He emphasized the significance of dreams as a
royal road to knowledge of the unconscious ac-
tivities of the mind. He argued that the dream is
embedded in the unbroken ‘enhancement’ of the
memory material. Freud considered the free as-
sociations of the dreamer to be of decisive im-
portance. He regarded dreams to be the most
important complement of the theory of neuro-
ses (Gordon 1998). Gordon (1998) asserts that
provided one can remember the dreams, one can
have confidence that one is in touch with the
subconscious, and if one can associate to them
mentally and use amplifications to find their
meanings, one is on speaking terms in touch
with the unconscious.
Objectives
Very few scholars throughout the centuries
have written about dreams and their interpreta-
tion. Among other authors are Sigmund Freud
and Carl Jung on whose work psychoanalysis
was founded and published in the 1900s. Schon
(2003) argued that dreams deserve attention as
an aspect of importance. Schon (2003) explained
that is should be realized that the interpretation