Policy Sciences 59
Situational Normativism and
Teaching of Policy Sciences*
ARIE Y. LEWIN AND MELVIN F. SHAKUN
Graduate Sch~91 of Business Administration, New York University, New York, N. I1.
ABSTRACT
The increasing interest in policy sciences---the multidisciplinaryactivity concerned with decision-
making for social problems--and the introduction of policy science programs in a number of
leading:universities has highlighted the need for teaching programs in the subject.
Many graduate schools of business already apply the same blend of disciplines and techniques
(Economics, Management, Behavioral Science, and Quantitative Methods) to resolve intra- and
interorganizational choice dilemmas facing business. Schools of business, therefore, have the
potential and capabilities to deal with the specific mission of policy sciences exemplified by such
activities as policy analysis, policy strategies, policy systems design, and metapolicies.
At the Graduate School of Business the authors have developed a descriptive-normative
framework--situational normativism--which blends the component disciplines and methodologies
of policy sciences towards solving real social and interorganizational decision problems.
Situational normativism avoids the traditional sharp distinction between positive and normative
theory by developing an adaptive methodology wherein the descriptive behavioral model serves
as the input for normative analysis and the resulting prescriptive improved solution becomes the
basis for predicting and evaluating future behavior of the system.
The major part of this paper discusses a policy sciences core course, developed by the authors, in
which the lecture material and a key learning aspect of the course--the self-organizing student team
projects--have largely been developed in relation to the situational normativism framework. The
course is described with references to team projects which serve to clarify the approach taken to
teaching policy science.
Introduction
The recent upsurge of interest and the establishment of university programs in policy
sciences has highlighted the need for developing novel research and teaching programs
in this field. A number of universities have already established special programs and
courses related to policy sciences and a few have also pioneered by creating special
institutes and new schools of policy sciences. 1
Clearly, numerous strategies for research and teaching of policy sciences will
* This article is based on a paper delivered at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the American Institute
for Decision Sciences (AIDS), Dallas, Nov. 4-7, 1970.
1 Three such programs are: The School of Urban and Public Affairs at Carnegie Mellon University,
The Institute of Public Policy Studies at the University of Michigan, and the Doctoral Program in the
Policy Sciences at the State University of New York at Buffalo. For a more comprehensive listing of
courses, programs, and schools see Dror[6].
Policy Sciences 2 (1971), 59-66
Copyright © 1971 by American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc.