Obstet Gynecol Res 2021; 4 (4): 233-238 DOI: 10.26502/ogr072 Obstetrics and Gynecology Research - Vol. 4 No. 4 – December 2021. 233 Research Article ES-2 Ovarian Cancer Cells Present a Genomic Profile Inconsistent with their Reported History Eric J Devor 1, 2* , Jace R Lapierre 1 , David P Bender 1, 2 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USAIA 52242 2 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa, USA * Corresponding Author: Eric J Devor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 463A MRF, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Received: 23 November 2021; Accepted: 29 November 2021; Published: 06 December 2021 Citation: Eric J Devor, Jace R Lapierre, David P Bender. ES-2 Ovarian Cancer Cells Present a Genomic Profile Inconsistent with their Reported History. Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 4 (2021): 233-238. Abstract ES-2 ovarian cancer cells have long been reported to have originated from a primary clear cell carcinoma of the ovary presenting in a 47 year-old African American patient. Two recent publications have offered evidence calling both of these characteristics into question. Our objective was to further study this cell line using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing in order to confirm or refute these inconsistencies. qPCR assays on two characteristic loci, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (NHF-1β) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), suggest that ES-2 are unusual clear cell carcinoma cells that appear more like high grade serous carci- noma than clear cell. Further, mtDNA haplotyping places the ancestral origin of the patient’s lineage in the Middle East or Europe and not Africa. These results are consistent with and support the conclu- sions of the two recent publications. Keywords: ES-2 cell line; qPCR; mtDNA; Haplotyping 1. Introduction The cell line ES-2 (RRID:CVCL_3509) is reported to be derived from a poorly differentiated clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (OVCCC) presenting in a 47- year-old African American patient [1]. In 2014, Kwok and colleagues [2] demonstrated that ES-2 cells displayed immunohistochemical staining for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF-1β) and Wilm’s tumor 1 (WT1) in ES-2 cells that was more like that