International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 11 | Nov 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1606 Analysis the Amounts of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Water of Different Sources of Ranchi city by using ICP-OES Technique Vikash Kumar 1 , Ashok K Acharya 2 1 M.Sc. Scholar, Dept. of Chemistry, Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University Ranchi, Jharkhand, India 2 Assistant Professor, Dept of Chemistry, Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University Ranchi, Jharkhand, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – The study was aimed to analyze the concentration of metals including heavy metals and trace elements in the water of four different small water bodies or sources including two pond, one lake and one river around the Ranchi city. The metals or trace elements such as Ag, Al, B, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. The results indicated that the concentration of approximately all the metals, heavy metals and trace elements in these waterbodies were found within the maximum permissible limit set by IS:2296, EPA and WHO for surface water quality standard. Higher concentrations of Al in Lake of Chamber, Bi and Mn in Jumar river than other sites, were reported. Key Words: Heavy Metal Analysis, Trace Elements, ICP- OES Technique, Water Analysis, Emission Spectroscopy, Ranchi City. 1. INTRODUCTION India is a country with a diverse landscape and rivers. There are 14 major rivers and other freshwater bodies, both large and small. Water, the universal solvent, has the property of dissolving most compounds due to its high dielectric constant, but an excess of these chemicals causes water pollution, including heavy metal and trace element contamination. The discharge of effluents from industries, home activities, and soil contamination from adjacent dumping sites and agricultural drainage, damage the water bodies based on water quality prospective[1]. Jharkhand, one of the states in eastern part of India, is known to have minerals rich state globally. Jharkhand is a wonderful land with enormous potential and a plethora of other natural resources. The state covers a geographical area of 79,714 km 2 , has 29.61 percent forest land, and holds roughly 40% of India's total mineral resources, as per data provided by Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Jharkhand [2]. Due to being one of the minerals rich State of Indian Republic, there are various metals including heavy metal and trace element contaminations in water including ground and surface water, soil and air as well. The presence of these types of heavy and trace metals/elements in water bodies causes serious impact on human health as they enter in human body directly through drinking or indirectly through the consumption of aquatic products (viz. fishes, etc.) obtained from these water bodies and agricultural products, irrigated with water from these sources. As per explained by [3] (G. S. David and I. A. Isangedighi, 2019), heavy metals transferred into the marine environment may be absorbed into the marine food chain and eventually reach human consumers via aquatic transport, causing a number of major health risks. Heavy metals are described as "any metallic element with a relatively high density (mass/volume) that is poisonous even at extremely low concentrations; or a class of metals and metalloids having an atomic density greater than 4g/cm 3 or 5 times that of water”[4]. The body cannot detoxify certain metals because they are stable. In the acidic medium of the stomach, these metals are turned to their stable oxidation states such as Cd 2+ , Mg 2+ Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cr 6+ , etc and unite with the sulfhydryl groups of biomolecule of human body such as proteins, lipids, DNA and enzymes to establish strong and stable chemical bonds[5]. Protein denaturation (Hg, Pb and Cd), Inhibition of cell division (Hg, Pb, Cd and Ni), Cell membrane disruption (Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd), Inhibition of enzyme activity (Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd) and transcription inhibition, are the main toxicity mechanism affecting the microorganisms. Heavy metals enter the environment through both natural and human- caused sources. Earth’s crust natural weathering, sewage effluents, soil erosion, urban runoff, industrial discharge, pest or disease control agents applied to plants, and air pollution fallout are examples of such sources. Heavy metal contamination of the aquatic environment has become a global issue in recent years, owing to their indestructibility and the fact that most of them have hazardous effects on species[6]. As per being one of the main objectives of this instrumental analysis, there are some heavy metals and trace elements whose concentration in water bodies, were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. These metal and elements are- Silver (Ag), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Potassium(K), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Calcium (Ca), Cadmium