INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET) E-ISSN: 2395-0056 VOLUME: 08, SPECIAL ISSUE | OCT 2021 WWW.IRJET.NET P-ISSN: 2395-0072 International Conference on Recent Trends in Science & Technology-2021 (ICRTST - 2021) Organised by: ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru, INDIA © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 112 A survey on Neuropsychiatric Tools and Machine Learning Approaches used in the Diagnosis of Depression Pradeep Kumar Y, Dr. Bhagyashree S R 1 Research Scholar, Department of ECE, ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru, India 2 Professor and Dean Research, Department of ECE, ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract— Depression is a psychiatric disorder that can become persistent and can result in significant obstacles in the person's ability to look after his/her daily activities. At worst it leads to self-harm. Depression is a prominent cause of disability and burden worldwide. Machine Learning (ML) is a promising area that can trace relationships between variables that humans cannot see or detect using conventional analytical approaches. The blend of ML and a large amount of data is an ideal match and has enormous potential in medical services. This study aims to review the different neuropsychiatric tools that are widely accepted for depression diagnosis and the contribution of machine learning in diagnosing depression. Keywords- Neurological disorders, Depression, Neuropsychiatric Tools, Machine Learning, Algorithms. I. INTRODUCTION The central and peripheral nervous system diseases are neurological disorders. This would be the brain, backbone, cranial nerves, nerve roots, neurotransmission system and muscles, nerve roots, and autonomic nervous system. These conditions usually involve epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and other types of Dementia, brain tumors, trauma disorders in the nerve system due to head trauma, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuro infection, and brain tumor [1]. Mental and neurological disorders affect feelings, emotions, actions, and relationships, with a wide range of problems and symptoms. In isolation or as an accompanying disease with other NCDs [non-communicable diseases], neurological or mental disorders, namely depression, dementia, autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia can be experienced. The other non-communicable conditions overlap with risks and neurological and mental illnesses are often chronic as well [2]. Neurological diseases were the most common cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years [DALYs] and deaths worldwide. The total number of deaths from all neurological disorders increased by 39%, while DALYs increased by 15%. [3]. A portion of the investigations in 2017 gauge that, about 792 million individuals continued to live with a psychiatric illness. It is marginally more than one out of every ten individuals around the world (10.7%). Table-I exhibits estimates of the prevalence of mental health disorders and the disease burden associated with them [4]. TABLE I. THE PREVALENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASE BURDEN ESTIMATION IN 2017 [4]. Type of Mental Disorder The proportion of the global population affected by the disorder in Percentage Total number of people affected by the disorder in million Any mental health related 10.7 792 Depression 3.4 [2-6] 264 Anxiety 3.8 [2.5-7] 284 Bipolar 0.6 [0.3-1.2] 46 Eating related (clinical anorexia & bulimia) 0.2 [0.1-1] 16