D e n ti s t r y ISSN: 2161-1122 Dentistry Binu et al., Dentistry 2017, 7:10 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000455 Open Access Research Article Voume 7 • Issue 10 • 1000455 Dentistry, an open access journal ISSN: 2161-1122 *Corresponding author: Binu Santha, M.D.S., Public Health Dentistry, Rotorua, New Zealand, Tel: + 64 22 0366326; E-mail: binusantha@gmail.com Received September 01, 2017; Accepted September 11, 2017; Published September 19, 2017 Citation: Santha B, Saxena V, Jain M, Yadav NS, Tiwari V, et al. (2017) Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis and Tobacco Use among Slum Dwellers of Bhopal City, India. Dentistry 7: 455. doi:10.4172/2161-1122.1000455 Copyright: © 2017 Santha B, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. gutkha & associated products is on the rise amongst the younger generation making oral precancer & cancer a public health concern. In central India 80% of head and neck cancers are found in the oral cavity and oropharynx. Oral squamous cell carcinoma comprises over 90% of the malignancies, which begin as infammatory lesions such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia [7]. Notably, oral cancer is one of the few cancers whose survival rate has not improved over 30 years, while during the past three decades a 60% increase in oral cancer in adults under the age of 40 has been d Oral pre-cancer (Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) & Leukoplakia) and cancers are caused by gene environment interactions, and large consumption of tobacco and/or areca nut amongst other factors In the area under study, “Tambaku” is the most commonly consumed form of smokeless tobacco [8]. Smokeless forms of tobacco, due to their placement in the oral cavity, increase the concentration of carcinogens and the failure to clean the carcinogens from the surface, augment this efect. Tobacco when added to areca nut, lime, favouring agents and catechu is termed “Gutkha”; which is a commercially available product within India [9,10]. Working towards the mitigation of factors afecting tobacco menace at the individual level as well as at the community level should Keywords: Oral sub mucous fbrosis; Tobacco consumption; Slum dwellers; Pre-cancerous condition Introduction Oral sub mucous fbrosis is a chronic insidious disease of the oral mucosa characterized by loss of mucosal elasticity and excessive fbrosis. It is always associated with juxta epithelial infammation and progressive hyalinization of lamina propria [1-3]. It was described by Schwartz in 1952 as a fbrosing condition of the mouth in 5 Indian women from Kenya for which he coined the term“Atrophica idiopathica tropica mucosae oris” [4]. Oral Sub mucous fbrosis (OSMF) is a pre-cancerous condition predominantly seen among betel quid chewers. It has characteristic clinical presentation depending on the stage of the disease, but majority of patients with OSMF have intolerance to spicy food, roughness of oral mucosa, and diferent degrees of difculty in opening the mouth. OSMF is a well recognized potentially malignant condition in the oral cavity & the transformation rate is as high as 7.6% over a period of ten year have been reported from India [5]. Te etiology of oral sub mucous fbrosis is multifactorial. Te etiological factors include local irritants such as spice consumption, areca nut chewing, tobacco smoking and chewing. Systemic factors include anemia (iron defciency), vitamin defciencies (B-complex and folate) together with the malnourished state (protein defciency), genetic predisposition to the disease and autoimmunity. Diverse agents including lime, tobacco, catechu, cloves, safaron, and leaf of piper betel leaves may form a part of formulation [6]. A study was undertaken to evaluate the efect of tobacco related practices on oral health of tribes in Central India. Te use of smokeless tobacco, Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis and Tobacco Use among Slum Dwellers of Bhopal City, India Binu Santha 1 *, Vrinda Saxena 2 , Manish Jain 3 , Naveen S Yadav 4 , Vidhatri Tiwari 5 and Utkarsh Tiwari 6 1 Public Health Dentistry, Rotorua, New Zealand 2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, M.P., India 3 Department of Public Health Dentistry, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Nasik, India 4 Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, People’s Dental Academy, Bhopal, M.P., India 5 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manasarovar Dental College, Bhopal, India 6 Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manasarovar Dental College, Bhopal, India Abstract Background: Oral sub mucous fbrosis is a chronic insidious disease of the oral mucosa. Oral Sub mucous fbrosis (OSMF) is a pre-cancerous condition predominantly seen among betel quid chewers, areca nut chewing, tobacco smoking and chewing. The slum dwellers are more prone to chewing habits. Hence this study was undertaken to analyze the tobacco use and its association with OSMF among the slum dwellers of Bhopal City. Objective: To study the prevalence of oral sub mucous fbrosis and its relation with tobacco use among slum dwellers in Bhopal city, India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the tobacco related practices amongst the slum dwellers and its impact on oral health. The study included residence of chola road. A self-designed printed questionnaire form was used to collect the data. The questions included demoFigureic details, the habit of tobacco consumption and the frequency of tobacco consumption. Results: Tobacco habit is common among the slum dwellers of Bhopal City and it does not have a signifcant association with the occurrence of Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis in this population (p>0.05). Conclusions: The habit of tobacco consumption has an impact on the occurrence of OSMF among the slum dwellers of Bhopal City.