OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas OISAA J. Indones. Emas, 4, 2021, 49-53 49 A REVIEW: AQUILARIA SPECIES AS POTENTIAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL Nelly Marliani Institut Pertanian Bogor nelly_marliani@apps.ipb.ac.id ABSTRACT One of the plants that is rich in benefits is from the genus Aquilaria spp. which is known to be able to produce agarwood resin. This genus includes 47 species, of which the four main species are Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria subintegra, Aquilaria crassna and Aquilaria sinensis. Aquilaria species are known to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity and have been reported in many studies, including activity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, AChE inhibitor (Acetylcholinesterase), anti-proliferative, and antidiabetic. The aim of this review is to expand information on the pharmacological activity of various Aquilaria species that can support future studies in the medical field of medicine. Keywords: Aquilaria, pharmacological, natural. INTRODUCTION Aquilaria is a tree native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia and belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family [4], of which the genus Aquilaria spp. this includes 47 species, and 22 of them are included in the plant list. Some of the known species including Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria subintegra, Aquilaria crassna, and Aquilaria sinensis [4] are used for therapeutic purposes as a traditional medical treatment of gout, headache, arthritis, cough, vomiting, asthma, leprosy and anorexia [10]. The aquilaria tree is known to produce a fragrant agarwood resin and is used in perfumes. This type of tree is found in many countries in the oriental region such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Laos, and China [8]. In addition, Aquilaria extract has also been reported to have anticancer activity [9,11,14], anti- inflammatory [1], antioxidant [3,9,14], and antidiabetic [14] which have been demonstrated in many in vivo and in vitro models. Therefore, the pharmacological effects of Aquilaria with different species and tree parts have different and similar pharmacological properties. This review will focus on the pharmacological effects for the 4 main species mentioned, a brief overview of the preparation methods and a discussion on the evaluation of their pharmacological properties. Aquilaria malaccensis Aquilaria malaccensis is one of the species of Aquilaria [7]. The leaves are known to have antioxidant activity. In the research of Batubara et al., (2020) [3] concerning the antioxidant activity of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. Extraction of sample using maceration method, leaf ethanol extract followed by phytochemical tests to determine the content of secondary metabolites compounds. The antioxidant test was determined by the activity of free radical scavenging against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with the percentage of free radical reduction parameters at different concentrations (40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) and inhibitory concentration values (IC50). Based on these studies, the results indicated the presence of Received 24 December 2020 Accepted 23 July 2021