15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety) modify the indoor thermal conditions. The results make it possible to predict the effect of temperature on the ventilation rate in naturally ventilated buildings. operating frequency of the compressor was increased with increment of the load ratio, and consequently, the power consumption of the compressor increased. The increment of the load ratio, which means increasing the load difference between each room, causes a reduction of the system performance (COP), although the total cooling capacity was constant. 02/01121 Simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system Joudi, K.A. and Lafta, A.H. Energ,r zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Conversion und Munngemmr, 2001. 42, (13), 1575-1605. A steady state computer simulation model has been developed to predict the performance of an absorption refrigeration system using LiBr-Hz0 as a working pair. The model is based on detailed mass and energy balances and heat and mass transfer relationships for the cycle components. A computer program has been developed to simulate the effect of various operating conditions on the performance of the individual components of the simulated system. These include an absorber, a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and a liquid heat exchanger. A new model is introduced for representing the absorber. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer has been considered in the absorber, instead of heat transfer only as in other works. The performance of absorber, generator, condenser and evaporator were simulated independently. The whole system was then simulated as a working absorption cycle under various operating conditions. Com- parison between the present model results and manufacturer’s data of the simulated system showed excellent agreement. The present simulation results were compared qualitatively with other works and were in very good general agreement. 02/01122 Simulation of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator using activated carbon/methanol adsorbentlrefrigerant pair Anyanwu, E.E. e/ cl/. Enrrg,v Conwrsion cd Mwugemmr, 2001, 42. (7). X99-915. A transient model of a solar powered solid adsorption refrigerator using activated carbon/methanol adsorbentiadsorbate pair, developed from first principles, is presented. It is based on the thermodynamics of the adsorption process and the heat and mass transfer equations of the collectorigeneratoriadsorber components and simplified idealization of the condenser and evaporator components. The resulting equations were transformed into explicit finite difference forms for easy implementation on a personal computer in basic. The numerical model computes the collector plate, bond, and adsorbent temperatures, quantity of methanol generated and the solar COP. The model is validated by comparing it with actual field performance data taken from Anyanwu’s work. The peak plate and tube surface temperatures and methanol generation are predicted to within 3%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. The peak times and time for commencement of generation were accurately predicted. Based on the observed agree- ment between measured and predicted values, parametric study of the refrigerator system was undertaken in order to optimize the design. 02/01123 Thermal characteristics of a personal environment module task air conditioning system: an experimental study Cho, S.H. et al. Energy Conversion crntl Mtmu~mren/. 2001, 42. (8), 1023-1031. A personal environment module (PEM) task air conditioning system as an alternate air conditioning system for improving thermal comfort in workspaces is studied. Air temperature and velocity distribution characteristics of the PEM built and installed in an environmental chamber (EC) were evaluated. Comparisons were made with a typical under floor air conditioning (UFAC) system. The EC enabled creating appropriate weather conditions and performing tests simultaneously under similar load conditions. Results show that, in general, the PEM maintained higher air flow rates and good temperature in the room compared to the UFAC system. Being flexible and easy to control, PEMs offer significant potential to improve thermal comfort in workspaces. 02/01124 Thermal comfort: use of control is naturally ventilated buildings Raja, LA. rl crl. Energy cmd Buildings, 2001, 33, 235-244. A field study of the thermal comfort of workers in natural ventilated office buildings in Oxford and Aberdeen, UK, was carried out which included information about use of building control. The data were analysed to explore that what effect the outdoor temperature has on the indoor temperature and how this is affected by occupants’ use of environmental controls during the peak summer (June-August). The proportion of subjects using a control was related to indoor and outdoor temperatures to demonstrate the sire of the effect. The results suggest that the use of controls is also related to thermal sensation and their appropriate use is a significant part of adaptive behaviour to 02/01125 Thermal conductivity measurements of alumina powders and molded Min-K in vacuum Huang, L and El-Genk, M.S. Energy Consersron und Munogemmr, 2001, 42. (5). 5999612. Experiments were performed to measure the thermal conductivities of two-particle sizes of alumina (AlaO,) powder (1.0 and 0.01 pm) and molded Mu-K insulation materials in vacuum. The thermal conduc- tivity data are correlated as a function of temperature, from 340 to 900 K, to within flO% and +5% for the A120X and Min-K, respectively. The Min-K thermal conductivity is the lowest and least dependent on temperature. For the same hot and cold side temperatures, the conductance of the Min-K is -2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the lateral conductance of 60 and 240 molybdenum multifoil insulation, respectively. The conductance of the Min-K, however, is about an order of magnitude lower than the axial conductance of both the 60 and 240 molybdenum multifoil insulation. 14 HEAT PUMPS 02/01126 Application of a chemical heat pump to a cogeneration system Kato, Y. and Yoshizawa, Y. In/ rrnurwnu/ Jorrmd o/ Energ,v Re.sourw, 2001, 25, (2). 1299140. The feasibility of a proposed system that combines a magnesium oxidei water chemical heat pump and a diesel engine as a cogeneration system is discussed based on experimental results. The combined system is intended to utilize the waste heat discharge from the engine by means of the chemical heat pump and to level the heat supply load of the engine. 15 ENVIRONMENT Pollution, health protection, safety 02/01127 A new methodology for source characterization of oil combustion particulate matter Lee, S.W. er crl. Fwl Process. Tcchnol., 2000, 65-66, 1899202. A fine particulate emissions measurement and characterization system was developed. The computer controlled, ambient-simulating method is used to determine source characteristic profiles of emissions from an oil-fired research boiler. Controlled source dilution of flue gas simulates realistic plume conditions that allow atmospheric conden- sation and accumulation of particulate matter. Isokinetic withdrawal of flue gas is followed by 20- to 40-fold dilution with pure air inside a Teflon coated tunnel. Subsequent sampling of PM2 s, PM,,, and PMr,,ra, fractions is done at specified sampling ports using appropriate inlet and filter pack arrangements. Gas phase acidic species are collected using annular denuders attached upstream of filter packs. Detailed charac- terization of particulate samples provides new source information on size distribution and chemical composition such as trace metal contents, organic and elemental carbons, and particle bound acids from oil combustion. The results available to date from this ongoing research programme are presented. This methodology provides reproducible source profile data for No. 4 residual fuel combustion. Size distribution results show that particles collected in all of the PM2 j, PM,,, and PMr,,r;,, fractions fall within the expected size ranges. These studies indicate reliable pre-selection of particle sizes by the inlets and collection efficiency of the filter pack arrangements. The approximate particulate emission mass balance results as determined by gravimetric determination and by composite analysis of various particle bound components are in good agreement. Ongoing work focuses on field particulate emissions measurement from utility coal-fired boilers 02/01128 A residual-free decomposition of the sources of carbon dioxide emissions: a case of the Korean industries Chung, H-S. and Rhee, H-C. Energ!. 2001. 26. (I). 15-30 Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 2002 137