Indian Diaspora in New Zealand 66 Todd Nachowitz Contents Introduction ..................................................................................... 1266 Existing Myths .................................................................................. 1267 Background ..................................................................................... 1269 Earliest Indian Presence, 1769–1782 ........................................................... 1273 Timber and Sealing Voyages, 1783–1808 ..................................................... 1276 Earliest Indian Settlement, 1809–1850 ......................................................... 1280 Indian Settlement from 1851 ................................................................... 1282 Indians in the New Zealand Census, Phase I: 1851–1911 ..................................... 1283 Indians in the New Zealand Census, Phase II: 1916–1981 .................................... 1291 Indians in the New Zealand Census, Phase III: 1986–Present ................................ 1302 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 1306 Cross-References ............................................................................... 1307 References ...................................................................................... 1307 Abstract This chapter surveys the Indian diaspora in New Zealand through both the earliest historical presence of Indians in Aotearoa and through the lens of Indian settle- ment as recorded in the New Zealand Census. The earliest Indian presence is summarized through a previously unused historical source, the ships logs and muster rolls of the very earliest European vessels of exploration and exploitation to New Zealand. It places Indians in Aotearoa at the very instance of Māori- European first contact on land in 1769, 70 years earlier than previously recorded. Indian settlement, viewed through a more complete review of the New Zealand Census than previously reported, also places the first instance of Indians in the New Zealand Census 20 years earlier than previously reported, back to 1861. The chapter also charts the historical growth of the Indian population, ranging from T. Nachowitz (*) University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand e-mail: todd@earthdiverse.org.nz; toddnach@gmail.com © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 S. Ratuva (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_90 1265