VOL. 4, NO. 5, JULY 2009 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
© 2006-2009 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
METALLIC FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE: EFFECT OF FIBER
ASPECT RATIO ON THE FLEXURAL PROPERTIES
Rashid Hameed, Anaclet Turatsinze, Frédéric Duprat and Alain Sellier
Université de Toulouse, UPS-INSA, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Toulouse Cedex, France
E-Mail: rhameed@insa-toulouse.fr
ABSTRACT
Since many decades efforts have been made to reduce the brittleness of cementitious materials by the use of micro
and macro fibers of different mechanical, geometrical and physical properties. This contribution presents the results of an
experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of fiber aspect ratio on the flexural properties of metallic fiber
reinforced concrete (MFRC). The flexural properties, which have been studied, include maximum load bearing capacity
(peak load), post-crack strength and flexural toughness. High performance metallic fibers of different aspect ratios were
used. The dosage of fibers was kept 20 kg/m
3
(0.25% by volume fraction) for all the fibered concrete mixtures. Three point
bending tests were performed on both control (without fibers) and fibered notched prismatic concrete specimens of cross
section 100 x 100mm and clear span of 450mm. The results showed that the flexural properties of concrete matrix are
significantly improved by the addition of high performance metallic fibers. Moreover, it was found that the level of
improvement in flexural properties of MFRC varies with the aspect ratio of fibers. Out of the two different aspect ratios of
metallic fibers used in this study, the fibers with larger aspect ratio showed better efficiency in improving the flexural
response of MFRC.
Keywords: fiber reinforced concrete, metallic fibers, aspect ratio, flexural properties.
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete being a brittle material has low tensile
strength and low strain capacity, as a result, the
mechanical behaviour of the concrete is critically
influenced by crack propagation. Concrete in service may
exhibit failure through cracks which are developed due to
brittleness [1, 2, 3]. To improve properties of concrete like
low tensile and low strain capacity, fiber reinforced
concrete (FRC) has been developed which is defined as
concrete containing dispersed randomly oriented fibers
[4]. Fibers had been used to reinforce cementitious
material since ancient times, sun-backed bricks were
reinforced by using straw as fiber and masonry mortar and
plaster were reinforced using horsehair. Experimental
investigation involving the use of discontinuous fibers to
improve the properties of concrete was started in 1910 [5].
During the early 1960, the first major investigation was
made to evaluate the potential of steel fibers as
reinforcement of the concrete [6].
The properties of concrete matrix and of the
fibers greatly influence the character and performance of
FRC. The properties of fibers which are of interest include
fiber stiffness, bond between fiber and concrete matrix,
fiber concentration, fiber geometry, fiber orientation, fiber
distribution and fiber aspect ratio [7]. The mixture-
stiffening or workability effect is a major factor limiting
the type, aspect ratio and amount of fibers that can be
uniformly distributed throughout a particular cementitious
matrix, which in turn determine the degree of
improvement in the mechanical properties of composites
in hardened state. Ideally the amount of fibers and aspect
ratio should be as large as possible to maximise the
improvements in the mechanical properties. On the other
hand, both should be as small as possible (but compatible
with aggregate size) to minimise the mixture-stiffening
effect of fibers and associated difficulties in fabricating
components from FRC [8].
Metallic fiber reinforced concrete has been
extensively studied in last five decades. Powerful
characterisation method of FRC properties have to be used
in order to get pertinent data required by the structural
engineers to design structural elements [9]. Currently,
several methods are available which are used to
characterise the concrete. These methods are ASTM [10],
JSCE standard SF-4 [11], RILEM recommendations [12]
and post crack strength (PCS) method [13].
In the construction market, since same fibers are
available with different dimensions and the price is paid as
per kilogram of fibers, it is important to select fibers with
such dimensions which give maximum degree of
performance for a particular application. In this
contribution, as a case study, high performance metallic
fibers of different aspect ratios (ratio of length to
equivalent diameter) have been studied.
The objective of the present study was to
investigate the effect of aspect ratio of commercially
available metallic fibers on the flexural properties of FRC.
For this purpose, concrete mixes containing metallic fibers
of same mechanical and physical properties but different
aspect ratio (125 and 105) at a constant dosage rate of 20
kg/m
3
(low dosage taking into account the high price of
fibers) were tested in flexure. The results were analysed
using post crack strength (PCS) method [13].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
The materials used for all concrete mixtures
consisted of CEM I 52.5R cement, the coarse aggregates
having size range of 4 to 10mm, and the locally available
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