~ 1842 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(4): 1842-1848
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2018; 6(4): 1842-1848
© 2018 JEZS
Received: 21-05-2018
Accepted: 22-06-2018
Chirom Archana
Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-
Central Institute of Fisheries
Education, Versova, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
Neelam Saharan
Aquatic Environment and
Health Management Division,
ICAR-Central Institute of
Fisheries Education, Versova,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Gaurav Rathore
(1). Aquatic Environment and
Health Management Division,
ICAR-Central Institute of
Fisheries Education, Versova,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
(2). Fish Health Management,
ICAR-National Bureau of Fish
Genetic Resources, Lucknow,
India
PP Srivastava
Fish Nutrition biochemistry and
Physiology Division, ICAR-
Central Institute of Fisheries
Education, Versova, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
Babitha Rani
Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-
Central Institute of Fisheries
Education, Versova, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
PK Pandey
(1). Aquatic Environment and
Health Management Division,
ICAR-Central Institute of
Fisheries Education, Versova,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
(2). Dean, College of Fisheries,
Lembucherra, Tripura, India
Correspondence
Chirom Archana
Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-
Central Institute of Fisheries
Education, Versova, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
Isolation and characterization of potential
pendimethalin degrading bacteria from pesticides
polluted soil
Chirom Archana, Neelam Saharan, Gaurav Rathore, PP Srivastava,
Babitha Rani and PK Pandey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteria capable of degrading pendimethalin herbicide in mineral
salt medium from pesticides polluted soil. The present study was conducted in Aquatic Environment and
Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, India in
the month of August 2015. A pendimethalin degrading bacterial isolates were isolated from contaminated
soil samples through enrichment culture technique. The bacterial isolates were identified and
characterized as Bacillus cereus and Asaccharospora irregularis based on biochemical characteristics
and 16SrRNA sequence analysis. The growth of the isolates was assessed in mineral salt medium (MSM)
containing 1 mg/l of pendimethalin. Both the bacterial isolates can grow up to 500 mg/l of pendimethalin
concentration. Pendimethalin was incubated with each of the two isolated bacteria and samplings were
done at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days for gas chromatographic analysis in which the loss in the initial
pendimethalin concentration was recorded over time. Out of the two bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus
was able to degrade the initial amount to 92 mg/l after an incubation period of 28 days and
Asaccharospora irregularis degrades up to 78 mg/l after 28 days incubation. This study showed that
degradation of pendimethalin occurred at a higher rate when bacterial isolates were incubated. Thus, the
isolates, Bacillus cereus, and Asaccharospora irregularis could be effectively applied to remediate
pendimethalin contaminated environment.
Keywords: Biodegradation, pendimethalin, bacteria, pesticide contaminated soils
Introduction
Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitrobenzenamine] is a widely used
synthetic herbicide used for the selective control of most annual grasses and broad-leaved
weeds in a number of crop and non-crop areas and on residential lawns and ornamentals. This
herbicide is applied as pre-emergence, pretransplant or early post-emergence herbicide for
many crops including cereals, onions, garlic, maize, sorghum, rice, soybeans, peanuts, carrots,
celery, peas, field beans, potatoes, cotton, citruses, lettuce, transplanted tomatoes and
sunflower
[1]
. Pendimethalin inhibit plant cell division step which is responsible for
chromosome separation and cell wall formation. It is used before crop emergence or planting
[2]
. The inhibition of root and shoot growth results in stunting of aerial plant portions
[3]
. U.S
Environmental Protection Agency has classified pendimethalin as persistent bio-accumulative
toxicant
[4]
. The chemicals also have the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify and can
bioconcentrate up to 70,000 times their original concentrations
[5]
. It is of low volatility,
mobility in the soil as well as water solubility
[6]
. It is strongly adsorbed by moist soil,
practically insoluble in water and thus does not leach appreciably in moist soil
[7]
. It contains
dinitroanilines, which could result in the formation of the carcinogenic nitrosamines
[8]
.
Pendimethalin is also highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates
[9]
. The use of
pendimethalin may adversely affect endangered species of terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants
and invertebrates
[10]
. While applying pendimethalin to the soil care should be taken so to
minimize the possible injury to sensitive rotation crops. It is very much essential to develop
methodologies to prevent pesticide contamination from point sources. Microorganisms can use
a variety of xenobiotic compounds including pesticides for their growth, mineralize and
detoxify them
[11]
. Abdelbagi et al.
[12, 13]
first argued the potential use of indigenous soil
microorganisms in cleaning pesticides polluted soil and dump sites. The use of microbes in the
bioremediation and detoxification of many toxic xenobiotics, especially toxic pesticide is an