Soni et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2018; 8(5):107-112 ISSN: 2250-1177 [107] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.09.2018 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-18, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Review Article POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT AND SECONDARY ASSOCIATED DISEASES Abhishek Soni* 1 , Dr. Shivali Singla 2 , Dr. Sachin Goyal 2 1 Ph.D Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi (H.P), India 2 School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi (H.P), India ABSTRACT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation along with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as frequent metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome) that culminate in serious long-term consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia, and coronary artery disease. It is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility. A complete understanding of the underlying Pathophysiology of PCOS is still lacking. Because of the heterogeneity of this disorder, there are most likely multiple underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathogenesis of PCOS is explaining as alteration in gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion results in increased luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. An alteration in insulin secretion and insulin action results in hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. A defect in androgen synthesis that results in increased ovarian androgen production.Treatment of PCOS include maintaining a normal endometrium, antagonizing the actions of androgens on target tissues, reducing insulin resistance (when present), and correcting anovulation. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for several other health conditions as Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure (Cardiovascular Disease) Keyword: Polycystic ovary syndrome, luteinizing hormone, hyperandrogenism, Anovulation. Article Info: Received 08 Aug, 2018; Review Completed 02 Sep 2018; Accepted 05 Aug 2018; Available online 15 Sep 2018 Cite this article as: Soni A, Singla S, Goyal S, Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathogenesis, treatment and secondary associated disease, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2018; 8(5):107-112 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1892 *Address for Correspondence: Ph.D Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi (H.P) INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may clinically be manifested heterogeneous disorder that affects 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age or the most common endocrinopathy in young women of reproductive age as oligo-ovulation, biochemical or clinical hyperandrogenism in which other causes of androgen excess have been excluded (hirsutism, male pattern balding, acne, acanthosis nigricans) and polycystic ovaries. 1 Furthermore, the etiology of PCOS remains unclear; however, several studies have suggested that PCOS is an X-linked dominant condition. PCOS is associated with low level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and high level of luteinizing hormone (LH) . In parallel, high level of LH triggers the secretion of estrogen, testosterone and dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHES). This ultimately leads to development of cyst in the ovary. 2 (PCOS) affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, in which hyperandrogenism, enlarged cystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation often coexist with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as frequent metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome) that culminate in serious long-term consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia, and coronary artery disease. Obesity in women with PCOS is rather high, ranging from 30%–60%, whereas hyperinsulinemia is present in more than 50% of patients with PCOS. 3