Science Journal of Environmental Engineering Research
ISSN: 2276-7495
http://www.sjpub.org
© Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
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Science Journal Publication
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Research Article
An Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution by Various Allied Artisans in Automobile , Welding
Workshop and Petrol Station in Lagos State, Nigeria
By
Adu, A.A
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos Nigeria
Aderinola, O.J
Department of Zoology and Environmetal Biology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos Nigeria
E-mail: t oyinaderinola@yahoo.com Tel: +2348023511308
Kusemiju, V.
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos Nigeria
Volume 2012, Article ID sjeer-290, 8 Pages, 2012. doi: 10.7237/sjeer/290s
Accepted 26 October, 2012
Abstract- Levels of some agricultural pollutants, heavy metals ( Cd, Cr, Cu,
Ni, Pb Zn,) were investigated in the soils, stems, roots, and leaves of Water
leaf (Talinum triangulare) obtained from a filling station,mechanic workshop
and welding workshop in Lagos state. Concentration levels of the metals were
determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Variations of the
metals in the T.triangulare and soils were in the order:
Zn>Lead>Chromium>Copper>Nickel>Cadmium The results obtained showed
levels of the metals in soils and vegetables from the sample areas, automobile
workshop,weldind aaaworkshop and petrol station which are indications of
possible pollution of the sample areas as a result of excessive usage of the
locations by activities of the artisans and spills from the filling station. The
results were below the permissible levels recommended by United States
Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization except for
Lead in the welding workshop. Therefore consumption of T. triangulare as
food in the three locations except the welding workshop may not pose health
hazards to humans at the time of the study.
Keywords: Heavy metals, pollution, Talinum triangulare L) Artisans
workshops, Lagos Nigeria.
Introduction
Talinum triangulare L is a perennial herb that belongs to the
family Portulaceae. In some text it also called Talinum
fructicosum. Ceylon spinach (En). Grassé, pourpier tropical
(Fr). Beldroega grauda, lustrosa grande (Po) are some of its
aliases. (Leung, W.-T.W., Busson, F. and Jardin, C., 1968). The
leaves contain per 100 g edible portion: water 90.8 g, energy
105 kJ (25 kcal), protein 2.4 g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrate 4.4 g,
fibre 1.0 g, Ca 121 mg, P 67 mg, Fe 5.0 mg, thiamine 0.08 mg,
riboflavin 0.18 mg, niacin 0.3 mg, ascorbic acid 31 mg (Leung,
W.-T.W., Busson, F. & Jardin, C., 1968). The vitamin A content
is comparable to other medium green leafy vegetables, about
900 μg.
In view of the above, it is clear that vegetable constitute an
important part of the human diet. Vegetables have been
shown to contain essential nutrients ascorbic acid, phenolic
and Flavonoids compounds, which have oxidative properties.
This is by virtue of free-radical scavenging properties of their
constituent hydroxyl groups, the extended conjugation across
the flavonoid structure and an increasing number of hydroxyl
group that enhance the antioxidant properties, allowing them
to act as reducing agents ( Kanner et al 1995). As a result of
these properties they offer protection from peroxidative
damages in living systems, thereby playing important role in
prevention of carcinogenesis and extension of life span of
animals, (Cutler, 1982 and 1992). The health giving properties
of these antioxidants include anti-cancer, anti-viral anti-
inflammatory activities, effects on capillary fragility and
ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation (Huet, 1982,
Benavente et al 1997). Even though research works have
indicated that some common vegetables are capable of
accumulating high levels of heavy metals from contaminated
and polluted soils (Cobb et a 2000l) in Not much information
as regards around artisanall workshops especially in urban
cities as that of Lagos Nigeria where millions of tons of waste
are not well disposed.
In the urban areas, most chemical wastes are from non point
source (NPS) especially from auto-mechanic sites, filling
stations (via oil spillage) and welding sites. Emissions from
the heavy traffic on these road side contain lead (Pb),
Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni), which are present
in fuel as anti-knock agents. This has also led to contamination
of air and soils on which these vegetables are planted (Ikeda
et al., 2000).
The waste from the aforementioned areas constitutes a
significant level of problems to economic vegetables grown
in areas close to them. The spills coming from these areas
contain a wide variety of heavy metals that are hazardous to
plants and consequently to human health. (Wong et al., 1996
Yusuf et al., 2003). Zinc lead and chromium have a number
of applications in basic engineering works such as
electroplating and galvanizing and petrochemicals, lead
pollution however is through automobiles and battery
manufacturers, (Scoffern, John 1861) Most heavy metals
infiltrate and accumulate in the top soil. Environmental
pollution by heavy metals is a problem that has global
dimension and has been accompanied by large scale soil
pollution. As human activities increases, especially with the
application of modern technologies, pollution and
contamination of the human food chain has become inevitable.
Heavy metals uptake by plants grown in polluted soils has
been studied to a considerable extent (Wong, 1996; Wong et
al., 1996; Sukreeyapongse et al., 2002; Yusuf et al., 2003).
Many types of heavy metal resistance and tolerance
mechanisms have been suggested, especially for Copper, Zinc,
Nickel and Chromium, in plants growing on metalliferous soils
How to Cite this Article: Adu, A.A, Aderinola, O.J, Kusemiju, V. , “An Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution by Various Allied Artisans in Automobile , Welding Workshop and
Petrol Station in Lagos State, Nigeria” Science Journal of Environmental Engineering Research, Volume 2012, Article ID sjeer-290, 8 Pages, 2012. doi: 10.7237/sjeer/290