The Himalayan collision zone carbonatites in western Sichuan, SW China: Petrogenesis, mantle source and tectonic implication Zengqian Hou a,b, ⁎ , Shihong Tian b,c , Zhongxin Yuan c , Yuling Xie d , Shuping Yin d , Longsheng Yi d , Hongcai Fei c , Zhiming Yang a a Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, P.R. China b Key Laboratory on Isotope Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100037, P.R. China c Institute of Mineral Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, P.R. China d Civil and Environmental Engineering School, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, P.R. China Received 7 November 2005; received in revised form 23 January 2006; accepted 23 January 2006 Available online 13 March 2006 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Major and trace element compositions, and Sr–Nd–Pb and O–C isotope data for Cenozoic carbonatites (WSC) in western Sichuan, east Tibet, China are presented in this paper. The WSC occur in the eastern Indo-Asian collision zone (EIACZ), and occur as sills or dykes in the contemporaneous syenitic intrusions, which form a 270-km long, NS-trending belt of carbonatite–alkalic complexes, controlled by strike-slip faults that accommodated and adjusted to the collision strain. These carbonatite–alkalic complexes with Cenozoic potassic felsic rocks and calc-alkaline (shoshonitic) lamprophyres form a semi-continuous potassic igneous province with magmatism peaking at ∼35Ma in the EIACZ. The WSC are characterized by low SiO 2 (<10.22 %), FeO (<1.20 %) and MgO (<0.73 %), and a wide range of CaO content (40.7∼55.4 %) that distinguish them from primary magnesiocarbonatites. Overlapping emplacement ages and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions and similar mantle-normalized trace element patterns to spatially associated syenites suggest an origin for the carbonatites by liquid immiscibility. The WSC are extremely enriched in LILE (Sr, Ba) and light REE, but relatively depleted in high-field strength elements (Nb, Ta, P, Zr, Hf, Ti), suggesting a metasomatized mantle source. Their δ 18 O V-SMOW (6.4∼10.5‰) and δ 13 C V-PDB (- 3.9 to - 8.5‰) values are similar to those of primary, mantle-derived carbonatites, also suggesting a mantle genesis. However, they have extremely low å Nd(t) of - 3.2 to - 18.7 and relative high ( 87 Sr / 86 Sr) i of 0.706020∼0.707923, as well as a wide range of 207 Pb/ 204 Pb (15.362 ∼ 15.679) and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios (38.083∼39.202), which distinguish them from most carbonatites around the world. Their Sr–Nd, Sr–Pb and Nd–Pb isotopic signatures indicate that some carbonatites underwent Sr–Nd–Pb contamination by crustal materials, but the least-contaminated carbonatites were derived from a transitional source between EMI and EMII components. The T DM and modeling on Sr–Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the formation of this source probably was related to recycling of oceanic crust and pelagic/terrigenous sediments with various mass ratios. Partial melting of the mantle source was most likely triggered by a Cenozoic asthenospheric mantle diapir related to Indian–Asian continent collision at 65–45 Ma. Rising and emplacement of carbonatitic magmas with coeval potassium-rich magmas took Earth and Planetary Science Letters 244 (2006) 234 – 250 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl ⁎ Corresponding author. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037,P.R. China. E-mail address: houzengqian@126.com (Z. Hou). 0012-821X/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.052