Research Article
An Atomistic-Based Continuum Modeling for Evaluation of
Effective Elastic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
M. S. M. Al-Kharusi, K. Alzebdeh, and T. Pervez
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University,
P.O. Box 33, 123 Al-Khod, Oman
Correspondence should be addressed to K. Alzebdeh; alzebdeh@squ.edu.om
Received 22 September 2015; Revised 31 January 2016; Accepted 18 February 2016
Academic Editor: Ilaria Armentano
Copyright © 2016 M. S. M. Al-Kharusi et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Te mechanical behavior of SWCNTs is characterized using an atomistic-based continuum method. At nanoscale, interatomic
energy among carbon atoms and the corresponding force constants are defned. Subsequently, we used an atomistic fnite element
analysis to calculate the energy stored in the SWCNT model, which forms a basis for calculating efective elastic moduli. In the
fnite element model, the force interaction among carbon atoms in a SWCNT is modeled using load-carrying structural beams.
At macroscale, the SWCNT is taken as cylindrical continuum solid with transversely isotropic mechanical properties. Equivalence
of energies of both models establishes a framework to calculate efective elastic moduli of armchair and zigzag nanotubes. Tis
is achieved by solving fve boundary value problems under distinct essential-controlled boundary conditions, which generates a
prescribed uniform strain feld in both models. Elastic constants are extracted from the calculated elastic moduli. While results
of Young’s modulus obtained in this study generally concur with the published theoretical and numerical predictions, values of
Poisson’s ratio are on the high side.
1. Introduction
Extensive research work done by researchers from science
and engineering background in composite materials opens
new prospects for future short and long term technologies,
which will reshape the practical application of modern
composites. Currently, the research themes on nanocom-
posites and/or composites with nanoreinforcements face the
challenges of characterization, fabrication, and application.
Signifcant amount of experimental and numerical research
work is done to characterize the nanoreinforcement. But fur-
ther research is needed to bring these to the level of practical
application. Tese nanocomposites are becoming favorable
candidates for materials with a bright future in a wide variety
of industries such as transport, defense, electronics, and
biomedicine, to name a few. Hence, it is important that
the mechanical properties of these composite constituents,
particularly the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), be predicted accu-
rately. Further, the potential use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
as a reinforcing material in nanocomposites and light weight
composite structures has triggered a need to explore their
mechanical properties and assess their deformation under
mechanical loading. Te unique structure and geometric
confguration of CNTs along with their high stifness, low
density, and large aspect ratio have propelled an increasing
demand in furthering the research to quantify their elastic
properties as well as to explore possible applications in
diferent felds.
Various experimental and theoretical approaches have
been developed or used to characterize the elastic behavior of
SWCNTs. Several investigators [1, 2] have conducted exper-
imental studies to investigate the mechanical properties of
carbon nanotubes. Tese experiments were mainly based on
atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) and were able to confrm that CNTs
possess superior mechanical properties. However, the exper-
imental error bars are too large to state exact characteristics
of CNTs of diferent confgurations, sizes, and structures.
Te wide scatter in the experimentally reported values of the
elastic constants of the CNT can be attributed to the lack
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Nanomaterials
Volume 2016, Article ID 8641954, 13 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8641954