Aspiring A Cutting Edge Research
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Biomedical and Biological Sciences
Ishtiaq I, et al., J. Biomed. Biol. Sci. 2021, 1:1
Review Article Open Access
J. Biomed. Biol. Sci.- Open Access Journal Volume 1(1): 1-8 (2021) - Page No.1
©Science and Innova�on(SNI) publica�ons under Common Crea�ve License
A Review on Novel Coronavirus Covid-19: Its Detection and
Vaccination
Isha Ishtiaq
1*
, Sana Shahzadi
1
, Ayesha Afzal
1
, Sara Khan
1
, Zoya Ahmed
1
, Saman Gulrez
1
, Mohsin Nawaz
1
, Momina
Sajjad
2
and Nimra Razzaq
1
1
Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan.
2
Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
*
Corresponding Author: Ishtiaq I, Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan. E-mail:
ishaishtiaq@gmail.com
Citation: Ishtiaq I, Shahzadi S, Afzal A, Khan S, Ahmed Z, et al. A Review on Novel Coronavirus Covid-19: Its
Detection and Vaccination. Journal of Biomedical and Biological Sciences. 2021;1(1):1-8.
Copyright: © 2021 Ishtiaq I, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are credited.
Received Date: 6
th
July, 2021 Accepted Date: 22
nd
November, 2021 Published Date: 2
nd
December, 2021
Coronaviruses are enveloped, non-segmented, positive single stranded RNA viruses. In the history,
SARS CoV have caused about 774 deaths globally with 8096 reported cases in 2003. MERS CoV
(Middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus) pandemic resulted in 33.5% fatality rate worldwide.
SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and a replicase complex (orfab1) that
encodes non-structural proteins (nps). About 5.06 million people have died of covid-19. Covid-19
transmission occurs more in closed environments than in open-air environments. High temperature and
high humidity can greatly reduce the transmission of virus. Most common symptoms are fever, cough
and fatigue but there are also unique symptoms like sneezing and sore throat. Covid-19 has created a
devastating efect on the whole world. Its early detection is necessary to control the rapid spread of the
disease. Computed tomography (CT) cannot detect the disease at early stages, so AI-based approaches
are preferred. Many vaccines have been developed to protect against covid-19. There were 1,273,560
confrmed cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan between 3 January 2020 and 2 November 2021. A total of
103,238,614 vaccine doses has been administered as of 30 October 2021. Covid-19 Vaccine hesitancy
is however, a global concern that afects both rich and poor countries. Identifying COVID-19 vaccine
reluctance might aid in the design of public education initiatives aimed at improving vaccination
acceptance behaviours. Fake news regarding the Coronavirus vaccines misleads the public's perception,
making it difcult to limit the virus and gain public trust.
Keywords: Covid-19, Vaccine, Hesitancy, Detection techniques, SARS-CoV
Abstract