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Arch Gynecol Obstet (2014) 290:93–98
DOI 10.1007/s00404-014-3168-x
GENERAL GYNECOLOGY
Apple consumption is related to better sexual quality of life
in young women
Tommaso Cai · Mauro Gacci · Fulvio Mattivi · Nicola Mondaini · Serena Migno ·
Vieri Boddi · Paolo Gacci · Beatrice Detti · Paolo Gontero · Stefano Chiodini · Liliana Mereu ·
Saverio Tateo · Sandra Mazzoli · Gianni Malossini · Riccardo Bartoletti
Received: 20 August 2013 / Accepted: 24 January 2014 / Published online: 12 February 2014
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
All participants completed anonymously the Female Sexual
Function Index (FSFI) and were asked to report on their
amount of daily apple consumption and their eating hab-
its. On the basis of apple consumption all women were split
into two groups: Group A––regular daily apple consump-
tion, Group B––no regular apple consumption (<1 apple/
day). The main outcome measure was the FSFI question-
naire result.
Results Three hundred and forty-three women reported a
regular daily apple intake and were classified in Group A,
while 388 were included in Group B. Group A had a sig-
nificantly higher total (p = 0.001; Cohen’s d = 3.39) and
lubrication domain (p = 0.001; Cohen’s d = 3.02) FSFI
Abstract
Introduction Even if some evidence exists of a positive
correlation between regular intake of phytoestrogens, poly-
phenols, antioxidants and women’s sexual health, there is
not a study addressing the potential correlation between
daily apple consumption and women’s sexual function.
We aim to assess whether there is a tie between daily apple
intake and sexual function in a sample of healthy young
sexually active Italian women, not complaining of any sex-
ual disorders.
Materials and methods Seven hundred and thirty-one
women (mean age 31.9, range 18–43) were enrolled in this
cross-sectional study (from September 2011 to April 2012).
T. Cai (*) · G. Malossini
Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital,
Largo Medaglie d’Oro, 9, Trento, Italy
e-mail: ktommy@libero.it
M. Gacci
Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
F. Mattivi
Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione
Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre,
San Michele all’Adige, Italy
N. Mondaini · R. Bartoletti
Department of Urology, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
S. Migno
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
V. Boddi
Department of Public Health,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
P. Gacci
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
B. Detti
Department of Radiotherapy, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
P. Gontero
Department of Urology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
S. Chiodini
Department of Urology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
L. Mereu · S. Tateo
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santa Chiara
Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy
S. Mazzoli
Sexually Transmitted Disease Centre, Santa Maria Annunziata
Hospital, Florence, Italy