IMAGING OF SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES WITH
WIDE-SWATH SONAR
William B. F. Ryan
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
of Columbia University
Palisades, New York
INTRODUCTION
Avalanche scars, landslide scree and debris flow
tongues have been imaged in plan view on the contin-
ental slope of the western margin of the North
Atlantic. Their detection and mapping has been
accomplished with a tethered deep-ocean side-scan
sonar having a swath width of 5 km. The sonar was
constructed to search for and locate the wreck of the
S. S. TITANIC (Wilford, 1980). We have subsequently
used it in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey
to explore the continental slope of New England and
the mid-Atlantic margin of the United States (Robb et
al., 1981, a, b; McGreggor et al., 1981).
DESCRIPTION OF THE SONAR SYSTEM
The sonar system is contained in a neutrally
buoyant vehicle that is tethered 100 m behind a 1,000
kg depressor (Figure 1). The depressor is guided with-
in 200-400 m of the seafloor behind an oceanographic
survey vessel with a 7,500 m armored co-axial cable.
The sonar vehicle is towed at speeds of 1-2.5 knots,
in sea states of up to Force 6 and winds up to 40
knots, although in such conditions the survey vessel
needs a bow thruster or active stern rudders for
maneuverability.
The sonar vehicle is equipped with left and right
looking transducers that operate with a horizontal
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S. Saxov et al. (eds.), Marine Slides and Other Mass Movements
© Plenum Press, New York 1982