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*Corresponding author: Mohammed Mynuddin, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA. Tel: 9124813318; Email: mm40771@
georgiasouthern.edu
Received: July 27, 2020, Accepted: August 24, 2020, Published: September 10, 2020
Design and Simulation of
Half Wave-dipole Antenna for
LTE Applications Using CST
Microwave Studio
Mohammed Mynuddin
1
and Md Ziaur Rahman
2
Abstract
Abstract—One of the most important and widely used Radio
frequency (RF) antennas is the dipole antenna. This is
commonly used on its own and is also integrated into many other
prototypes of the RF antenna, where it is the guiding factor for
the antenna. An effort has been made in this project to study the
latest half wave dipole antenna for LTE Applications. The dipole
antenna, which is nearly one-half wavelength long, is known as
the half-wave dipole antenna. The antenna was designed for
resonating at the frequency of 2.6 GHz. For the simulation and
design calculations CST is used. In this project various factors of
antenna such as the return loss, standing wave ratio from Smith
charts, Real power Vs Frequency, VSWR, E-feld and H-feld
distribution, gain and radiation pattern are also evaluated.
Index Terms—Dipole Antenna, CST MWS
Introduction
The most common practical wire antenna is the dipole antenna.
The dipole antennas may be categorized as Hertzian dipole,
half-wave dipole, small dipole etc. The most balanced and
commonly used type of antenna is the dipole antenna. It can be
used alone as well as it is incorporated in many other antenna
designs. For the wireless communication of high-speed data for
mobile phones and data terminals, Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
is considered as a standard and is commonly marketed as 4G
LTE. According to the principle of the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/
HSPA network technologies a different radio interface together
with core network improvements are developed to increase
the capacity and speed. LTE is being gradually developed to
ensure that future requirements and expectations are met and
planned in the best possible way. LTE is critical to delivering
lower cost per bit, high-performance connectivity and user
experience required to tackle mobile broadband challenges
such as device development, data-intensive services and the
implementation of new machine-to-machine (M2 M) applications
[1]. Analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of the
alternatives of the small monopoly antenna design discussed
on[2] such as meandered line antenna, inverted-L antenna,
inverted-F antenna, planar inverted-F antenna, and multiband
antenna consisting of different types of radiators for performing
multifunctional operation of L TE-USB antennas. The molded
interconnect device (MID) technology is used to design of a
long-term evolution (LTE) antenna presented on [3] as well as
its integration on the 3D surface of the mounting compartment
of the automotive roof antenna. This antenna provided an input
matching better than 10 dB in the desired frequency band
and exhibited an unidirectional radiation characteristic in the
horizontal plane. This antenna provides an input of more than
10 dB in the desired frequency band and has an unidirectional
radiation characteristic in the horizontal plane. The design of a
long-term evolution antenna is therefore investigated on [4]. It
is designed to be mounted under a standard plastic cover on
a car’s roof. The antenna operates at a wide frequency band
(from 698 MHz to 960 MHz and from 1470 MHz to 2700 MHz) in
small mounting volume and it requires no matching network. In
[5], a simple half-wave dipole antenna has been designed and
analyzed for wireless applications. The Resonant frequency for
the dipole antenna was 5 GHz and as a simulation tool CST
Microwave Studio (MWS) has been used. A simple half-wave
dipole antenna for wireless applications has been developed
and analyzed in [5]. In this project the resonant frequency
for the dipole antenna was considered as 5 GHz and CST
Microwave Studio (MWS) was used as a simulation tool.
Various researches that also discussed different applications,
such as [6]-[8], can be done using dipole and half wave dipole
antenna. The general construction of a half-wave dipole
antenna is shown in Fig.1.
Fig. 1. Half-Wave Dipole Antenna
There is a gap between two halved wave dipole antenna arms for
feeding purposes. Here, the length, thickness and feeding gap of the
antenna is denoted by L, D and g. The radiation resistance of the half-
wave dipole is 73 Ohm and it matched with the line impedance [9].
The main purpose of this paper is to design and simulate a half-wave
dipole antenna by using CST simulator and to operate at 2.6GHz with
high gain in LTE (4G) applications.
II. DESIGN PARAMETERS OF HALF-WAVE DIPOLE ANTENNA
The dimension of the antenna is changed according to the resonant
frequency and the resonant frequency is taken as 5GHz. several
Mohammed Mynuddin et al., J Electr Eng Electron Technol 2020, 9:5
DOI: 10.37532/jeeet.2020.9(5)e.180