Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,11(5) April 2017, Pages: 35-44
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND
APPLIED SCIENCES
ISSN:1991-8178 EISSN: 2309-8414
Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com
Open Access Journal
Published BY AENSI Publication
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
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ToCite ThisArticle: Mr. Belamri, L. Bounemia, A. Azbouche, K. Boukeffoussa, C. Lakhdar Chaouch., Assessment of air pollution by
heavy metals in the urban center of Algiers. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 11(5): 35-44, 2017
Assessment of air pollution by heavy metals in the urban center of Algiers
M..Belamri, L.Bounemia, A. Azbouche, K. Boukeffoussa, C. Lakhdar Chaouch
Division of Nuclear Techniques, Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, 2, Bd Frantz Fanon BP 399, Algiers, Algeria
Address For Correspondence:
Louiza Bounemia, Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, Tel: 213 21 43 44 44, Fax: 213 21 43 42 80.
E-mail: l.bounemia @ yahoo.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received 18 January 2017
Accepted 28 March 2017
Available online 15 April 2017
Keywords:
Air pollution, Total Suspended
Particulate, Heavy metals, PIXE,
INAA, XRF
Background: Growth of population number and industrial units in parallel of increase
of terrestrial, maritime and air transports are indicators of a pressure on the environment
in particular on the air quality. The intense human activity added to the natural activity
leads to the generation of aerosols which are composed of particles of very varied sizes.
In particular, fine dust which constitutes a significant factor of pollution involving a
deterioration of the air quality. The urban zone needs clean air to assure a public health.
To achieve this goal, we need to enrich our knowledge on the sources and the impacts
of the atmospheric pollutants. Understanding the sources, the composition and the
mode of transformation of the atmospheric pollutants is the first step in air quality
monitoring. Methods: The study and control can be achieved by using adequate
nuclear techniques analyses. The aim of this work is to study air pollution in urban zone
of Algiers for the evaluation of the contents of heavy metals in various selected sites. A
sampling campaign was carried out during period 2005/2007 in three sites in the
Algiers city: Bab El-Oued the High Casbah and Mustapha Bacha. In order to identify
and quantify their concentrations, nuclear techniques such PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray
Emission), ED-XRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) and the INAA
(Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) are used in this study. These techniques are
powerful tools used in air pollution monitoring for the determination of trace heavy
metals. We identified at the same time 18 elements (Na, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Ag, Sb,
Ce, Hf, Ta, Hg, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd). Results: the concentrations of the elements Hg, Co,
Ni, Cr and Ag vary around 2 ng/m
3
. The concentrations of element Zn vary over a wide
range from 3 ng / m
3
to more than 500 ng / m
3
. A large values of Pb were measured
(5000 ng/m
3
, 8000 ng/m
3
) and 200 ng/m
3
for Cu. The element Fe appears in all
analyzed filters. The concentrations range from low level to high level (8000 ng/m
3
).
Conclusion: the high level measured concentrations show the significant air pollution
in urban areas. The major emission sources identified were classified as sea spray (SS),
suspended soil and vehicle emissions (vehicle emission VE, diesel and petrol). This
analysis allowed us to deduce some significant sources affecting the receptor sites.
Among these pollutants one finds heavy metals contained in the suspended matter.
INTRODUCTION
Algiers capital of Algeria knows a terrible growth of its automobile park. Each year approximately
200,000 to 300,000 units comes to be added to the 2,500,000 vehicles already existing, creating a situation for
which neither the state nor the population can manage its immediate and short-term consequences. One will not
have forget the other sectors of agriculture and industries which know a significant growth rates and
paradoxically accentuate the environmental pollution and contribute to degradation of the air quality. Some air
pollution studies in Algiers city have been done (Markowicz and Haselberger, 1992, Kerbachi et al., 2004,
Belamri and Benrachedi, 2010, Yahiaoui et al., 2012). These studies showed the evidence existence of air
pollution which can cause harm to the environment. It may present a threat to Algiers’s ecosystems and the