Water Resour Manage (2009) 23:3057–3067
DOI 10.1007/s11269-009-9423-4
Evaluation of Reference Evapotranspiration Equations
Under Humid Conditions
Slavisa Trajkovic · Srdjan Kolakovic
Received: 13 January 2008 / Accepted: 2 February 2009 /
Published online: 24 February 2009
© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract Five reference evapotranspiration (ET
0
) equations are evaluated using
data from seven humid locations. The equations evaluated include Hargreaves,
Thornthwaite, Turc, Priestley–Taylor, and Jensen–Haise. The objective of this study
is to evaluate ET
0
estimated by these equations against the corresponding values
estimated using the standardized FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation. For
each location, ET
0
estimates by the all equations were statistically compared with
FAO-56 PM ET
0
estimates. The Turc equation yielded the smallest root-mean-
square-difference (RMSD) values at the all locations except Novi Sad, Serbia. The
final ranking of equations was based on the weighted RMSD. The Turc equation has
the lowest weighted RMSD and ranking first, and other equations ranked in decreas-
ing order are: Priestley–Taylor, Jensen–Haise, Thornthwaite, and Hargreaves. The
Turc equation gives the reliable calculation at all humid locations and it has proven
to be the most adjustable to the local climatic conditions. The results obtained from
this study, indicate very clearly that the Turc equation is most suitable for estimating
reference evapotranspiration at humid locations when weather data are insufficient
to apply the FAO-56 PM equation.
Keywords Reference evapotranspiration · FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation ·
Humid climate · Radiation-based equations · Temperature-based equations
S. Trajkovic (B )
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Nis, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia
e-mail: slavisa@gaf.ni.ac.rs
S. Kolakovic
Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia