Journal of Vessels and Circulation Copyright© 2020, Published by Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom Iran. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Rare Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report and Literature Review Hossein Mozhdehipanah 1 , Sepideh Paybast 2* , Rozita Bahadori 3 1 Department of Neurology, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2 Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 3 Department of Infectious Disease, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran * Corresponding author: Sepideh Paybast, Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Tel: +989125967487; Fax: +982833356696; Email: Sepideh.paybast@yahoo.com, S.paybast@qums.ac.ir Article Info A B S T R A C T Article type: Case Report Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease is a global pandemic of different severity ranging from a mild respiratory disease to a severe septic shock. The current evidence is suggestive of the neuroinvasive potential of this disease. However, there are limited reports regarding posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a neurological complication of COVID-19 in the literature. Herein, we aimed to present a case of PRES in association with COVID-19 and review the current reports in this regard. Case Report: This report presents a case of PRES complicated with intracerebral hemorrhage in a 39-year-old male with COVID-19, presenting with sudden blood pressure crisis accompanied by seizure and confusional state. Conclusion: Although the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are confined to the respiratory tract, the virus has the potential to target the brain, thereby inducing encephalitic syndrome, such as PRES. Article History: Received: 12 May 2020 Revised: 13 June 2020 Accepted: 01 July 2020 Keywords: COVID-19 Encephalopathy PRES SARS CoV2  How to cite this paper Mozhdehipanah H, Paybast S, Bahador R. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Rare Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Vessel Circ. Winter 2020; 1(2): 11-16. DOI: 10.29252/jvesselcirc.1.2.11 Introduction The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 primarily emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, in a cluster of severe unknown pneumonia cases and then quickly disseminated across the world. This disease was acknowledged as a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization with more than six million reported cases to date (1, 2). The main clinical picture of this disease varies from mild acute respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and septic shock. However, there is evidence indicating the potential effect of COVID-19 on the extra- pulmonary organs, such as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems (3-6). More recently, there has been an increasing anecdotal report documenting the neuroinvasive potential of COVID-19. Ling Mao et al. were the first researchers who reviewed the neurological presentations of COVID-19, using a group of 214 patients with COVID-19. They introduced headache and hyposmia as the main conditions arising from central and peripheral nervous system involvement, respectively (7). The literature review revealed only five reports regarding the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in COVID-19 patients. Regarding this, the present research was conducted to present a case of COVID-19 complicated with PRES to provide a more comprehensive review of the underlying