Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 92-100
http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep
ISSN Online: 2327-4344
ISSN Print: 2327-4336
DOI: 10.4236/gep.2017.510008 Oct. 25, 2017 92 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth
in China: A Test of the Environmental Kuznets
Curve
Jiaqi Hu, Adrian Hernandez-del-Valle, Miguel A. Martinez-Garcia
SEPI-ESE-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Abstract
We apply a two pronged approach to analyze the presence of Environmental
Kuznets Curve, EKC, in three types of emissions in the People’s Republic of
China from 1994 to 2014: a structural breakpoint analysis and a model based
test. We apply it to PM
2.5
, industrial waste and domestic water pollution time
series, and find evidence of EKC in all three types of emissions that require
appropriate policy.
Keywords
Economic Growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve, PM
2.5
, Domestic Water
Pollution, Industrial Waste, China
1. Introduction
This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and environ-
mental sustainability in the People’s Republic of China, PRC, by empirically es-
timating environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) models using national data from
1994 to 2014. The results show that there exists an inverted-U shaped relation-
ship as hypothesized by the EKC model between per capita GDP and per capita
emissions (or discharges) of domestic water pollution, PM
2.5
microparticle emis-
sions and industrial waste.
Specifically, we find that PM
2.5
has an N shape curve with two breakpoints
(also found in literature as turning points, structural breakpoints, regime
switches), SBs, at 9786.425 Yuan and 19880.32 Yuan. The EKC test applied to an
interpolated PM
2.5
series indicates a Normal N type curve.
Industrial waste, IW, has what could become a two breakpoint EKC. The first
breakpoint happens at 35300.37 Yuan with a pronounced change in slope going
How to cite this paper: Hu, J.Q., Hernan-
dez-del-Valle, A. and Martinez-Garcia, M.A.
(2017) Environmental Pollution and Eco-
nomic Growth in China: A Test of the Envi-
ronmental Kuznets Curve. Journal of Geos-
cience and Environment Protection, 5,
92-100.
https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.510008
Received: September 11, 2017
Accepted: October 22, 2017
Published: October 25, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access