International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Volume 9 Issue 2, February 2020 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (langka) Unripe Fruit against Alloxan-induced Hyperglycemia in Mus musculus (White Mice) Ma. Socorro G. Leong-on University of San Agustin, Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, 5000, Philippines Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of the crude ethanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.(langka) unripe fruit using the method alloxan induced hyperglycemia in Mus musculus (white mice). The different extract concentrations of A. heterophyllus were orally administered to the fasted hyperglycemic white mice. On the first, second and third hour after extract administration, fasting blood sugar (FBS) was measured and percent reduction in FBS were compared. The study showed that the crude ethanolic extract of A. heterophyllus unripe fruit exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity at 5mg/20g (250mg/kg), 10mg/20g (500mg/kg), 15mg/20g (750mg/kg) on the third hour after the extract administration. Their results differ significantly to the negative control - dist. water (7.27+0.52) (P<0.05). The concentration of the extract at 15mg/20g body weight (bw) of white mice (lowered FBS by 37.19+0.65%) exhibited comparable antihyperglycemic activity to the positive control (Glibenclamide) (40.57+1.13) (P>0.05). On the first and second hour, both 10mg and 15mg/20g bw of white mice exhibited anthyperglycemic activity but were not comparable to the positive control. The antihyperglycemic activity was concentration and time dependent. The best concentration that exhibited antihyperglycemic activity was at 15mg/20g bw of white mice and best time was on the third hour. The study demonstrated the antihyperglycemic activity of the crude ethanolic extract of A. heterophyllus unripe fruit at 5mg/20g, 10mg/20g, 15mg/20g against alloxan-induced diabetes in white mice. The study provided the scientific basis of the folkloric claim of the antihyperglycemic effect of A. heterophyllus. This study could also serve as basis for future formulation of effective, low cost and locally available antihyperglycemic agent from A. heterophyllus unripe fruit subject for further study. Keywords: anti-hyperglycemic activity, Artocarpus heterophyllus, alloxan-induced hyperglycemia, crude ethanolic extract 1. Introduction Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperglycemia could have resulted due to the lack of insulin secretion, failure of the insulin to act or could be their combination [1]. The current available treatments for diabetes includes sulphonylurea, glinides and biguanides. Although there are drugs in the market for diabetes, some rural folks were using the unripe fruit of A. heterophyllus fruit to lower their blood sugar. This practice has been persistent through decades. However, no scientific studies have been done to validate their folkloric claim. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure, heart attack, blindness and lower limb amputation. It is the fourth main cause of death in most developed countries. According to International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to reach 330 million by the year 2025 especially in Africa and Asia. It is also estimated that by the year 2025, over 75% of people with diabetes are residing in developing countries, as compared to 62% in 1995 [2]. Various plant extracts have been proven to exhibit anti- diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic activity scientifically. Therefore, they are considered as promising substitute for anti-diabetic drugs [3]. Thus, screening of more medicinal plants with anti-diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic effects are encouraged since diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem. One of the plants that has folkloric claim as antihyperglycemic agent is A. heterophyllus Lam. It belongs to Moraceae family. It is an evergreen fruit tree cultivated in many tropical regions. The phenolic compound from its wood exhibited anti-proliferative effect on cancer cell line [4]. The butanol fractions of the root bark and fruits of A. heterophyllus was found to be active against bacteria [5]. A study also, confirmed that A. heterophyllus leaf extracts has antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic activities [6]. The flavonoid fraction of its leaf exhibited hypoglycemic effect [7] and wound healing activity [8]. The polyphenolic compound from its tegmen showed antitumor activity [9]. However, the antihyperglycemic activity of the unripe fruit of A. heterophyllus has not yet been established. This study generally aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of the crude ethanolic extract of A. heterophyllus unripe fruit against alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in Mus musculus (white mice). The study specifically aimed to determine the concentration and the time (first, second, and third hour) when the crude ethanolic extract of A. heterophyllus unripe fruit showed the best anti- hyperglycemic activity. Result of this study established the scientific basis of the folkloric claim of use of A. heterophyllus unripe fruit as an alternative treatment for hyperglycemia. Paper ID: ART20204618 DOI: 10.21275/ART20204618 144