Research Article Open Access Jadoon et al., J Pollut Eff Cont 2016, 4:3 DOI: 0.4172/2375-4397.1000165 Research Article Open Access Journal of Pollution Effects & Control J o u r n a l o f P o ll u ti o n E f f e c t s & C o n t r o l ISSN: 2375-4397 Volume 4 • Issue 3 • 1000165 J Pollut Eff Cont ISSN:2375-4397, JPE an open access journal *Corresponding author: Jadoon S, Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, University of Kurdistan, Hewlêr, Iraq, Tel: +009647510307184; E-mail: saima.jadoon@ukh.edu.krd Received June 01, 2016; Accepted July 05, 2016; Published July 11, 2016 Citation: Jadoon S, Amin AA, Malik A, Khalel H (2016) Effects of Crude Oil Contamination under the Controlled Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Water in Khurmala and Guwayar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. J Pollut Eff Cont 4: 165. doi:10.4172/2375-4397.1000165 Copyright: © 2016 Jadoon S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract During the last couple of decades, the economic sector related to hydrocarbon resources has been one of the most attractive for investors. As a result of different exploration activities for crude oil, ecosystems in general and the aquatic ecosystem in particular have suffered a huge disadvantage. These industrial activities have increased the risk of water contamination and have caused serious problems for water environmental systems and their species. The intent of this paper is to introduce promising ways for solving contamination problems of aquatic environment. Although our approach is simple, but it can help to achieve a considerable change in the contamination ranks. Our study proposes an easy method to decrease the crude oil pollution by using different instrumental techniques to investigate the percentages of pollution under a control condition contamination process by checking the concentration of different cations like (calcium Ca +2 , sodium Na + , potassium K + ), anions like (chloride Cl - , nitrate NO 3 - , sulphate SO 4 -2 ), heavy metals like (Pb +2 ) , and different quality measurements such as, ionic composition, hydrogen ion concentration (P H ), total dissolved solid (TDS) mg/L, and electron conductivity (EC) μS/cm of water samples collected from Darbandikhan reservoir, and crude oil samples collected from Khurmala oil feld located between Erbil and Kirkuk Province. After careful investigations, it is concluded that except Pb +2 and TDS, rest of the data are at the permissible limits. The record of ranges of these data for both river (samples) and drinking water (samples) were respectively Ca +2 (1-4.5) mg/L, Na + (2.-13) ppm, K + (0.47-0.89) mg/L, Pb +2 (0.434-1.166) mg/L, Cl - (0.0009-1.5) mg/l, SO 4 -2 (40.8-87.9) mg/l, NO 3 - (2.29-4.65) mg/L, EC (0-1697) μS/cm, Hardness(0.000096-0.02) mg/L, TDS(0-780.6) mg/L. Ca +2 (4.2-4.5) mg/L, Na + (6.9-7) mg/L, K + (0.07-0.15) mg/L, Pb +2 (1.16-1.24) ppm, Cl - (0.0011-0.125) ppm, SO 4 -2 (79.15-87.9) mg/L, NO 3 - (1.50-4.58) mg/L, EC (0-199.7) μS/cm, Hardness (0.00023-0.002) mg/L, P H (6.6-7) mg/L. t stat <t critical , we are 95% confdent and we rejected the null hypothesis, for chloride and sulphate ions, sulphate and nitrate ions. t stat <t critical , we are 95% confdent that we accept the null hypothesis for nitrate and chloride ions. Effects of Crude Oil Contamination under the Controlled Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Water in Khurmala and Guwayar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Jadoon S 1 *, Amin AA 2 , Malik A 3 and Khalel H 1 1 Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, University of Kurdistan, Hewlêr, Iraq 2 Erbil Technology Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq 3 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan Keywords: Crude oil; Contamination; Darbandikhan reservoir; Ifraz River water; Drinking water Introduction Natural resources especially hydrocarbons have become one of the most important resources of energy for mankind. However, the process of extraction of these natural resources is very complicated and most of the time the pollutant’s products that accompany the process of oil exploration play a vital role to declare an inconsistency in the ecosystem [1]. Tis means an increase in the probability of environmental risk and as a result a widespread of hazardous material in the aquatic environment. An aquatic environment can be considered as one of the environments that are subjected more to the contamination by crude oil. Tis seems to be a big issue due to the spillage of some crude oil into the water. Tis spillage is due to the leakage which accompanies the process of oil exploration and transportation [2]. As a result, the aquatic environment becomes contaminated region. Tis situation is a big threat for the evolution of macrophyte, and for the life support balance of living organisms in that environment. Terefore, with world’s increasing dependency on the production of crude oil products, crude oil water contamination problem becomes the major factor that can alter the natural consistency of the outstanding life source in a particular environment. Terefore, in order to decrease or remedied these efects, oil companies must adopt proper measure that are helpful to minimize the contamination rate to the normal wedge. Tis paper investigates the efects of crude oil on aquatic environment. Diferent instrumental techniques have been used in the process of measuring the physiochemical and ionic characteristics of a controlled condition contaminated water samples as a part of solution that helps to achieve chemically balanced aquatic environment. Materials and Methods Samples collection Tree types of samples were collected: crude oil, river water, and drinking water samples from the area under consideration. Te crude oil samples were collected from Khurmala oil refnery which is located between Erbil and Kirkuk Province, while the river water samples were collected from three diferent places within Darbandikhan Reservoir (Figure 1). Tese places have been clearly identifed by the coordinates 35.2009°N and 45.81295°E. Furthermore, about the drinking water samples, theses samples can be collected from any source of pure drinking water. Te odour and the color of the samples were examined.