414 JKMU Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2020; 27 (5): 414-425 Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Different Extracts of Punica granatum var. pleniflora Mehrnaz Mehrabani, Ph.D. 1 , Mahboobeh Raeiszadeh, Ph.D. 2 , Hamid Najafipour, Ph.D. 3 , Mojde Esmaeli Tarzi, M.Sc. 4 , Arian Amirkhosravi, Ph.D. .5 , Alireza Poustforoosh, Ph.D. 6 , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Ph.D. 7 , Sara Naghdi, Pharm,D 8 , Mitra Mehrabani, Ph.D. 9 , 1- Assistant Professor, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2- Assistant Professor, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran 3- Professor, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 4- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5- Ph.D. Student, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 6- Ph.D. Student, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 7- Ph.D. Student, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 8- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 9- Professor, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (Corresponding author: Email: mmehrabani@hotmail.com) Received: 12 July, 2020 Accepted: 18 August, 2020 ARTICLE INFO Article type: Original Article Keywords: Punica granatum var. pleniflora Anti-inflammation Antioxidant Antibacterial Cytotoxicity Murine macrophage J774A.1 Abstract Background: Punica granatum var. pleniflora (PGP) has been used for thousands of years as an effective agent to treat various types of diseases. However, there are a few new evidences addressing its therapeutic effects and related mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic (ET), dichloromethane (DM), and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of PGP. Methods: ET, DM, and EA extracts of PGP were first prepared using maceration method. Total phenolic content (TPC) of PGP was then assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and its antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. Furthermore, in-vitro antibacterial activity of the PGP extracts was performed. The effect of PGP on the viability of J774A.1, HUVECs, HT29, and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of PGP was assessed in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774A.1 cell line using qRT-PCR method. Results: EA extract contained the highest phenolic content (383.3 ± 9.1 mg gallic acid/g extract) and showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 36.5 ± 2.3 μg/mL). PGP at concentration of 15 μg/mL significantly decreased the expression of COX-2 (ET) and iNOS (ET and EA) in J774A.1 cell. Also, EA showed the highest antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the PGP extracts decreased the viability of all tested cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. As indicated by IC50, EA demonstrated the lowest IC50 for all tested cell lines. Conclusion: According to the results, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects of PGP might be driven by its phenolic compounds highly presented in the EA extract. Copyright: 2020 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Mehrabani M, Raeiszadeh M, Najafipour H, Esmaeli Tarzi M, Amirkhosravi A, Poustforoosh A, Mohammadi M.A, Naghdi S, Mehrabani M. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Different Extracts of Punica granatum var. pleniflora. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2020; 27 (5): 414-425.