_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: sum.rin007@yahoo.com; Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 33(20): 136-145, 2021; Article no.JAMMR.74416 ISSN: 2456-8899 (Past name: British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-0614, NLM ID: 101570965) Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah Sumyia Mehrin M. D. Abulkalam 1* , Mai Kadi 2 , Mahmoud A. Gaddoury 2 and Wallaa Khalid Albishi 3 1 Department of Public Health, King Abdulaziz University (Bachelor's in Medicine and Bachelor's in Surgery), Saudi Arabia. 2 Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. 3 Department of Public health, King Abdulaziz University (Bachelor's in Dental Medicine and Bachelor's in Surgery), Saudi Arabia. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JAMMR/2021/v33i2031115 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rui Yu, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Reviewers: (1) Oluwadare Joshua Oyebode, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria. (2) Anita Arun Paritekar, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, India. Complete Peer review History: https://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/74416 Received 27 July 2021 Accepted 01 October 2021 Published 06 October 2021 ABSTRACT Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re- emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture- confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns. Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB Original Research Article