Environment & Ecosystem Science (EES) 3(2) (2019) 01-08 Cite The Article: Diego Hopkins, Zen Makuch, Karen Makuch (2019). Analysing Trade-Offs In Management Decision- Making Between Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity Conservation, And Commodity Production In The Peruvian Amazon National Reserve . Environment & Ecosystem Science, 3(2): 01-08. ISSN: 2521-0882 (Print) ISSN: 2521-0483 (Online) CODEN: EESND2 ARTICLE DETAILS Article History: Received 02 February 2019 Accepted 04 March 2019 Available Online 07 March 2019 ABSTRACT The Ecosystem Services concept has been developed in recent decades through both academic and international institutions. Nowadays, most of the literature agrees that ecosystem services constitute a crucial contribution to human well-being. Most studies focus on final ecosystem services which are directly identifiable amongst society’s consumption habits. Ecosystem services generally named “Provisioning Services” seem to be the masterpiece of ecosystem services provided by nature, and their contribution to human well-being is linked to their economic relevance. In most cases this can be easily determined as there are markets already developed to evaluate these services. Nonetheless, final ecosystem services are supported by often-overlooked Intermediate Ecosystem Services, which do not have a structured market and yet hold an economic relevance that could directly affect society. Similarly, cultural ecosystem services are often difficult to economically assess as it is very difficult to put a price on intrinsic values. Though Regulating and Cultural Ecosystem Services are difficult to value, they are of vital importance to society and must be evaluated when making any assessment locally or regionally. In order to yield a better understanding of the importance of all ecosystem service categories, we propose a spatial-temporal limited study to pinpoint the synergies and trade-offs between Ecosystem services, Biodiversity conservation, and Commodity production in Allpahuayo Mishana National Reserve, and to highlight the possible environmental and economic outcomes according to different management scenario KEYWORDS Provisioning Services, consumption habits, Intermediate Ecosystem Services 1. INTRODUCTION In recent decades, a large amount of research has been devoted to highlighting the importance of ecosystem services’ contribution to human well-being [1]. The utility of ecosystem services has often been linked to the economic role they play for society. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that although the use of ecosystems has led to an increase inhuman well-being, some advances have been made at the cost of other services that are essential for society [2,3]. The current globalized economy arguably promotes a global reduction in ecosystem integrity and ecosystem services [4]. We must bear in mind that we live in a world of scarcity and that we ought to make choices about the correct management of ecosystem services, (the point of assessments) to find a fair trade-off between benefits and impacts [5]. One of the most important and useful tools for possible future scenarios and make making the land use management choices is economic valuation. Economic valuation is also useful in compensation mechanisms as ecosystems provide benefits to people. Ideally, the partial or full destruction of an ecosystem should be accompanied by the compensation of the corresponding benefits [6]. Economic valuation enables policy- makers to evaluate different environmental assets and scenarios using the same economic indicators that provide useful comparisons to assess alternatives. It is important to state that expressing values in monetary units does not imply privatisation or market exchanges, as most ecosystem services are non-excludable, and therefore poorly fit into markets [7]. Even when economic valuation might contribute to land management assessment, in scientific literature the use of economic valuation is isolated, with few exceptions. Often economic valuations are presented, then proposed as being useful for decision making, yet without the use being contextualised, and without concrete examples being provided nor analysed [8]. Ecosystem service analyses have been applied to raise awareness of the economic benefits provided by ecosystems and to analyse the costs and benefits of different management options, but this needs to be applied in concrete management decisions for the study áreas [9]. Practical applications of the ecosystem service concept are necessary to make it an acknowledged tool for natural resource management [10]. 1.1 Aims and Objectives of this Work Noting that land use management decisions often involved ecosystem service trade-offs we explore the extent to which synergies among ecosystem services can inform decisions before trade-offs take place. Such an approach may improve decision-making where otherwise, Environment & Ecosystem Science (EES) DOI : http://doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2019.01.08 RESEARCH ARTICLE ANALYSING TRADE-OFFS IN MANAGEMENT DECISION- MAKING BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, AND COMMODITY PRODUCTION IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON NATIONAL RESERVE Diego Hopkins, Zen Makuch, Karen Makuch Imperial College London, United Kingdom. *Corresponding Author Email: d.hopkins17@imperial.ac.uk This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited