Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (2020) 22:405–415 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-00989-5 SPECIAL FEATURE: REGIONAL CASE STUDY Municipal solid waste material fow in Bali Province, Indonesia I Made Wahyu Widyarsana 1  · Enri Damanhuri 1  · Elprida Agustina 1 Received: 3 June 2019 / Accepted: 16 January 2020 / Published online: 12 February 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract A study of waste material fow was carried out in Bali Province to defne, evaluate, and analyse the existing condition of waste management as a reference for improving solid waste services. In this paper, waste quantity in every chain of waste management was measured. Waste sampling, observation, and interviews were also conducted to build the material fow model. Around 4.2 million residents and 4.9 million tourists yearly generate waste of up to 822,555 tonnes/year, which is dominated by organic waste for around 65% ww (wet weight) and plastic waste for around 15.67% ww. Around 200,718 tonnes/year (24.40% ww) of waste is transported directly to the landflls and 235,418 tonnes/year (28.62% ww) is collected frst at the transfer depos, before being transported to the landfll. As much as 39,566 tonnes/year (4.81% ww) of waste enters the 3R-Transfer Depo for recycling and around 47,030 tonnes/year (5.72% ww) enter the waste bank. Furthermore, due to the lack of integrated waste management, around 283,369 tonnes/year (34.45% ww) waste is illegally dumped into the environ- ment. In the end, up to 444,679 tonnes/year (54.06% ww) of waste is processed in ten landflls which serve Bali Province. Keywords Solid waste management · Bali Province · Material fow Introduction Many developing Asian countries, including Indonesia, are rapidly expanding their economies [1]. Through abundant tourism economy opportunities, Bali Province in Indonesia ofers numerous jobs which attract many people to move to Bali, which made the rate of urbanisation in Bali Province to keep increasing [2]. This dynamic of change is extremely delicate and will be an efect on waste generation [3]. The situation alters waste generation and the characteris- tics of the produced waste, which create new challenges in waste management [4]. The difculty that often occurs, in developing countries, is the fragility of the waste manage- ment system, lack of fnancial resources, and limited par- ticipation of residents [5]. Bali Province is not exempt from these problems. The need for proper waste management is also one of the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aim to provide universal access for sufcient, secure, and afordable waste management, as well as reduc- ing uncontrollable waste disposal and incineration [6]. Waste management policy needs to be prepared to respond to specifc activities in an area according to its char- acteristics. An analytic hierarchy process was conducted by Okumura in 2014 at Southeast and East Asian countries and the results confrm the trend of waste management policy development correlated with economic growth. Just like in the Province of Bali where expanding the economies was driven by the tourism sector, the management policy devel- opment needs to be prepared based on basic data that can describe the existing conditions of waste due to the activities of local residents and also tourists. Regional autonomy in Indonesia causes waste manage- ment data not to be collected properly and cause policy making not efective. From the preliminary studies, it was confrmed that all cities and regencies in Bali Province are not well coordinated so that the existing waste quantities, compositions, and waste management chains are confus- ing. In 2019, there is a Province Regulation regarding the prohibition of the single-use plastics, but the efectiveness of the policy cannot be evaluated because of the unavail- ability of actual data on waste matters. Also for the Indo- nesian National Policy and Strategy 2019, by the end of 5th 3R International Scientifc Conference (5th 3RINCs 2019) * Elprida Agustina elpridaagustina@gmail.com 1 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia