Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(12): 1358-1365, 2011
ISSN: 2040-7467
© Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011
Submitted: June 22, 2011 Accepted: August 27, 2011 Published: December 26, 2011
Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Sodangi, Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
1358
Decision Criteria for Selecting Main Contractors in Malaysia
Arazi Idrus, Mahmoud Sodangi and Mohamad Afeq Amran
Civil Engineering Department, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,
31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Abstract: During the tendering phase of a project, selecting the most appropriate main contractor to implement
the project can be difficult. There are many main contractor selection criteria that can be found in the literature
but in real practice, clients may have their different criteria. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank
the actual criteria used by clients for the selection of main contractors from current practice in Malaysia. The
ranking is based on the relative importance of the criteria as perceived by professionals operating in the
Malaysian construction industry using their accumulated experience and judgment. The objective of this study
was investigated through a postal questionnaire which covered a selected sample of 150 construction
professionals operating in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using frequency and severity index analyses. The
results of this study show that track performance, financial capacity and technical capacity were the most
important criteria considered crucial by the respondents for the selection of main contractors from current
practice in Malaysia. This study provides supportive practical solution for Malaysian clients to enhance and
improve their contractor selection processes in order to have successful completion of construction projects that
would meet their requirements and increase their satisfaction levels.
Key words: Client, construction, professional, project, survey
INTRODUCTION
Generally, successful completion of construction
projects requires many important processes and one of
them is the bidding process. During the bidding process,
selecting the most appropriate contractors to execute the
project seems to be quite difficult. Contractor selection
plays a vital role in the overall success of any construction
project. Clients generally need the best criteria in
selecting contractors in order to get best results in term of
cost, time, and quality for their projects. Historically,
clients usually award the contract to the lowest bidder
during tendering. Despite the guidelines that exist in the
literature in selecting main contractors; in real practice,
Malaysian construction clients individually have their
preferred criteria different from those obtained in the
literature. The main threat here is that clients do make
costly mistakes in their decisions to award the contracts to
unqualified contractors and this would eventually have
damaging consequences on the project and clients’
investment. It therefore became necessary to examine the
different criteria adopted by clients in selecting
contractors in Malaysia in order to find out the most
important criteria that clients should focus on when
awarding construction contracts to main contractors. To
this regard, this paper is aimed at identifying and ranking
the actual criteria used by clients in real practice for the
selection of main contractors in Malaysia.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Various studies have been undertaken by experts
regarding the issue of contractor selection for
implementing construction projects. Holt et al. (1994)
identified prequalification criteria to be included in the
quantitative model for choosing main contractors. Ahmed
and Kangari (1995) carried out a survey with 101 client
companies to find out the factors that the clients consider
as being the most significant when dealing with contractor
organizations and hence develop a client-satisfaction
model. Holt et al. (1995) revealed that the choice of
contractor should be made on a value for money basis
rather than automatically accepting the lowest bid because
the main objective is to identify best tender not lowest
bidder. Bubshait and Al-Gobali (1996) determined the
criteria that are considered in prequalification practices
for private and semi public projects in Saudi Arabia.
Hatush and Skitmore (1997) focused on identifying
universal criteria for prequalification and bid evaluation.
Their results show that the most common criteria
considered by clients are those pertaining to financial
soundness, technical ability, management capability and
health and safety performance of contractors. Holt (1997)
explained the cluster analysis technique in a contractor
valuation and selection setting. Hatush and Skitmore
(1998) described a systematic multi criteria decision
analysis method for contractor selection based on utility