International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science (IJIRMS) Volume 06, Issue 05, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i05/1122 www.ijirms.in 351 Case report Infant Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Shared-Care Centre in Ghana: Case Report and Review of the Literature Edwin M.T. Yenli 1,2 , Kingsley A Bimpong 3 , Nihad Salifu 4 , Peter G. Kwarteng 3 , Ernest K. Cheyuo 5 , Yaninga H. Fuseini 3 , Dieu-Donnee Anyekase 3 , Emmanuel Akorli 6 , Edmund Der 7,8 1 Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 2 Department of Surgery, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 3 Department of Paediatrics, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 4 Department of Paediatrics, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Box 473, Ridge Accra, Ghana 5 Tamale Teaching Hospital, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 6 Department of Radiology, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 7 Department of Pathology, University for Development Studies, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana 8 Department of Pathology, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana *Corresponding author: Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli; mwintyus@yahoo.com Received 03 April 2021; Accepted 16 May 2021; Published 26 May 2021 Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma is a fairly common soft tissue sarcoma among children. Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma accounts for one tenth of rhabdomyosarcomas in the West African sub-region. However, its occurrence and management are yet to be reported in our resource limited study setting. Care of such patients could be a daunting task. A comprehensive paediatric oncology service should be advocated to optimize the chances of survival. A seven-month old boy was referred to our facility on account of posterior urethral valve. A week’s complaint of crying on micturition, with associated passage of scanty urine and irritability, although he was apparently well since birth with no urinary complaints. A suprapubic mass was palpated on abdominal examination. Digital rectal examination revealed a nodular pelvic mass. Open cystostomy done and histopathology showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Chemotherapy was commenced on a modified Malignant Mesenchymal Tumour protocol of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology group. The mass was reduced by a third after six cycles of chemotherapy. In resource limited settings, the management of paediatric genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma, using multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to include the hub for comprehensive paediatric oncology services should be advocated to optimize chances of survival. Keywords: Infant, Bladder, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Case Report, Shared-Care Center Background Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are the commonest soft-tissue sarcomas in the paediatric population, representing about 51% of these cases, with majority being of the embryonal type [1] . It is a malignant tumour with origin from striated muscle [2] . Rhabdomyosarcomas are seen in about 15% of all solid tumours among children and it is the third most common extracranial solid neoplasm after Wilms tumour and neuroblastoma [3] . An estimate incidence of 3.9-5.2 per million, has been reported in the United States [4,5] . It has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks seen in the first five years of life and a smaller peak between the ages of 12 and 17 [4] . In Africa, RMS accounted for 5% of all paediatric cancer cases managed in Morocco [6] , with genitourinary RMS cases seen in 23% of these. It is also common in Sub-Saharan Africa as it accounted for 31% of paediatric solid tumours reported in a study in Nigeria [7] . In Ghana, a study at the Komfo Anokye Teaching hospital showed that RMS was the commonest soft tissue tumour in paediatric patients and it accounted for 5.5% of all paediatric cancer cases seen [8] .