Online Copy
Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. , 523-528, July 2016 37 © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India)
Introduction
Coal mining operations damage the environment and
ecosystem to an unacceptable degree. Sustained utilization of
land resources after mine closure therefore, requires
concurrent conservation and reclamation initiatives.
Reclamation by various physical and biological processes
converts degraded land to productive land with sustained
benefits. This also helps to preserve and maintain eco-
diversity similar to pre-mining conditions. Till date several
researchers have reported various effects of mining on the
environment (Ekka ., 2011). Generally physical,
chemical and microbiological properties of soil are affected
et al
in the process of opencast mining, spoiling the top soil layer
and making it unfit for growth of vegetation (Ghosh, 2004;
Biswas ., 2014). Growth of vegetation or plantation on
overburden dumps for post mining land reclamation is
usually difficult due to deficiency of nutreints (Rai .,
2011). Coal mining also causes enrichment of a number of
heavy metals into the surroundings waste dumps and tailings
which due to their persistent nature is a subject of concern for
the environment and human health (Anh ., 2011). These
heavy metals find their way to nearby water bodies and
agricultural crops grown in the vicinity of mining areas and
lead to bioconcentration and biomagnification in food chain
(Roy ., 2010; Dutta and Ghosh, 2013). Regular
et al
et al
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,
Assessment of soil characteristics in the vicinity of open cast coal mine
and its suitability for vegetative reclamation in Charhi and Kuju of
Jharkhand, India
Amudala Prathap, Vivek Kujur, Sukalyan Chakraborty* and Tanushree Bhattacharya
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi – 835 215, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sukalyanchakraborty@bitmesra.ac.in
Abstract
Key words
Coal mining is inevitable for economic growth of a country, but at the same time deteriorates the
quality of the environment. Open cast mine, especially affects the top soil most negatively. In the
present study, soil samples from three representative areas of mining proposed, operational and
abandoned sites from Charhi and Kuju of Jharkhand were collected and analysed for physico-
chemical parameters and metals with an objective to determine their suitability for vegetative
reclamation. Soil samples appeared to be slightly acidic (5.97 ± 0.66) with low EC values (101± 76
μScm ) , total organic carbon (0.71 ± 0.35 %), organic matter (1.34 ± 0.66 %) and overall nutrient,
especially nitrogen (167± 64 kg ha ) contents than required for reclamation by revegetation.
However, bulk density was found conducive for reclamation. Total Cr (317 ± 287 to 417 ± 393 mg
kg ), Cu (121 ± 72 to 344 ± 143 mg kg ), Ni (171 ± 46 to 373 ± 134 mg kg ) and Pb (114 ± 115 to
182 ± 145 mg kg ) content were found to be higher in soil. Sitewise variation was also significant
for Cu and Ni. Pearson's correlation suggested significant (p 0.05) positive inter elemental
correlation between Cr-Fe, Cr-Mn, Cu-Ni, Fe-Mn and Mn-Ni.
This baseline data could be utilized for
vegetative reclamation planning of the study area in future.
Correlation, Geostatistical calculations, Heavy metals, Open cast coal mine, Reclamation.
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Positive geoaccumulation index
(Igeo) values for all the metals except Fe, overall contamination degree of 31.10 and significant
enrichment factor indicated considerable contamination.
Publication Info
Paper received:
Revised received:
Accepted:
31 March 2015
05 October 2015
13 February 2016
Re-revised received:
21 December 2015
Journal of Environmental Biology
ISSN: 0254-8704 (Print)
ISSN: 2394-0379 (Online)
CODEN: JEBIDP
Website : www.jeb.co.in
E-mail : editor@jeb.co.in
JEB