Chapter 1 3D Printing: Challenges and Its Prospect in Futuristic Tissue Engineering Applications Abir Dutta, Trina Roy, Preetam Guha Ray, Ragavi Rajasekaran, Mamoni Banerjee, Santanu Chattopadhyay, Sanjay Gupta, and Santanu Dhara 1.1 Introduction Recent developments in various critical diseases varying from dermal, muscu- loskeletal to internal organs and tissues, induced a steep increment in the surgical intervention of the patients [1]. The current condition in healthcare requires a quick diagnosis of the medical issue, followed by a pre-surgical analysis and further post- surgical care for the patients. In spite of a quick diagnosis of the issue in a patient, the medication in terms of surgery, or pre-surgical analysis, is delayed. There lies a spectrum of subtle issues which contribute to the delay and further burdening the patient with overloaded cost and critical conditions. Among many, pre-surgical analysis of the disease using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and preparation of the prototype of the implant plays a crucial role in the successful process from diagnosis to medication. The prototypes were used to be fabricated by conventional manufacturing processes such as milling, drilling, and A. Dutta · T. Roy · P. G. Ray · R. Rajasekaran · S. Dhara (B ) School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India e-mail: sdhara@smst.iitkgp.ernet.in M. Banerjee Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India S. Chattopadhyay Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India S. Gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 S. Singh et al. (eds.), 3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering, Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5424-7_1 1