Journal of Preventive Medicine & Healthcare
Cite this article: Solomon I, Adjuik M, Takramah W, Axame WK, Owusu R, Parbey PA, Takase M, Tarkang E, Kweku M (2017) The Frequency of Hypertension
and Pre-hypertension Among Adults in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. J Prev Med Healthc 1(3): 1010
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is increasingly becoming an important medical and public health issue.
This study assessed the frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adults 18 years and above in the Hohoe Municipality.
Method: A population-based cross-sectional study involving 350 adults was used. Information was obtained on background characteristics and risk factors of
HPT defned as a systolic BP≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP≥ 90 mmHg. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured following standard
procedures. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to determine associations between independent variables and hypertension.
Results: Of the 350 adults surveyed, the prevalence of hypertension was 39.4% including those on treatment and pre-hypertension was 25.4%. Respondents
aged 40-49, 50-59 and 60 years and above were 3.20, 5.68 and 4.88 times more likely to have hypertension as compared to those aged 40 years or less,
(AOR=3.20, p=0.002), AOR=5.68, p<0.001) and (AOR=4.88, p<0.001) respectively. Traditionalists were also 9.40 times more likely to have hypertension
as compared to Christians [AOR=9.40, P=0.038].
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was high in the Hohoe Municipality. Four out of 10 adults had hypertension and one out of 4 adults had
pre-hypertension. Age and religious affliation were associated with hypertension. There is the need to intensify education and create awareness about
hypertension among the adult population. Periodic screening programmes would be required to identify those with hypertension and pre-hypertension for
counselling and referral for treatment and management.
*Corresponding author
Elvis Tarkang, Department of Population and
Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Tel: +23-767-763-2064
Email: ebeyang1@yahoo.com
Submitted: 16 May 2017
Accepted: 28 July 2017
Published: 22 August 2017
Copyright: © 2017 Solomon et al.
OPEN ACCESS
Original Research Article
The Frequency of Hypertension
and Pre-hypertension
Among Adults in the Hohoe
Municipality of Ghana
Incoom Solomon
1
, Martin Adjuik
1
, Wisdom Takramah
1
,
Wisdom Kudzo Axame
1
, Richard Owusu
1
, Phyllis Atta
Parbey
1
, Mohammed Takase
2
, Elvis Tarkang
3*
, Margaret
Kweku
1
1
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of
Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
2
School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Cast, Cape Coast, Central Region,
Ghana
3
Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health,
University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder and
an important worldwide public health challenge affecting at least
20% of the adult population in several countries. It is the primary
risk factor for cardiovascular mortality accounting for 20-30%
of all deaths [1]. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure
(BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Persons with BP above optimal levels (a
systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥ 90mm Hg) are
considered as having hypertension [2].
Hypertension is estimated to cause 7.1 million deaths
annually, which accounts for 13.0% of the total global deaths
and also accounts for 57 million Disability Adjusted Life Years
(DALYS) or 3.7% of total DALYS [3]. Hypertension is one of the
most important causes of premature death worldwide, killing
nearly 9.4 million people every year [4]. It is also the primary risk
factor for death responsible for about 1.5 million lives every year
in WHO AFRO regions [4].
A study in Ghana indicates that about 19%-48% of Ghanaian
adults aged 18 years and above have hypertension and 9% are
Keywords
• Hypertension
• Pre-hypertension
• Adult population
• Risk factors
• Hohoe Municipality
• Ghana
Abbreviations: WHO-AFRO: World Health Origination African regional offce; BP: Blood Pressure; HBP: High Blood Pressure; HPT: Hypertension; SSA: Sub-Sa-
haran Africa; DALYs: Daily Adjusted Life Years; CVD: Cardio Vascular Disease; NCDs: Non-Communicable Diseases; OPD: Out-Patient Department; WHO: World
Health Organization; USA: United States of America; UK: United Kingdom; UHAS: University of Health and Allied Sciences; JHS: Junior High School; SHS: Senior
High School; SPH: School of Public Health; GHS: Ghana Health Service; ERC: Ethical Review committee; DHIMS: District Health Management Information System;
CHPS: Community-based Health Planning and Services; EPI: Expanded Programme on Immunization; HMHD: Hohoe Municipal Health Directorate