Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 2017, 7, 585-597
http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbbs
ISSN Online: 2160-5874
ISSN Print: 2160-5866
DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2017.712041 Nov. 22, 2017 585 Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
Drug Seeking Behavior of Amphetamine
Addicted Sprague-Dawley Rats Is Eliminated
after Nutritional Supplementation
Annice Webber-Waugh
1
, Karen Thaxter Nesbeth
1
, Pauline Anderson-Johnson
2
,
Ajibike Salako-Akande
3
, Helen Asemota
1,4
, Lauriann Young
1*
1
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
2
UWI School of Nursing, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
3
Getwele Natureceuticals LLC, Halethorpe, MD, USA
4
The Biotechnology Centre, UWI, Kingston, Jamaica
Abstract
Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking beha-
vior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using
a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty-four
male Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting baseline preference for the black cham-
ber during a 20-minute pre-conditioning exploration of the CPP box com-
pleted the study. On alternate days of an 8-day schedule, twelve rats (Group
AMP) were randomly selected, given either amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/ml,
i.p.) and confined to the white chamber; or vehicle (1 ml saline, i.p.) and con-
fined to the black chamber. A significant increased percentage time spent and
number of entries made by Group AMP to the drug-paired, white chamber on
the test day confirmed amphetamine addiction. Group AMP subsequently re-
ceived increasing doses of amphetamine over 6 days. Following acute drug
withdrawal, their CPP performance was compared with that of vehicle treated
rats (Group SAL). Groups AMP and SAL were equally divided and randomly
assigned to animals fed chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement
(AMP-S and SAL-S) over 8 weeks or standard rat chow (AMP-N and SAL-N).
CPP performances for all rats were determined blindly from video recordings
following this period. Results: Nutritionally supplemented, amphetamine
withdrawn rats (AMP-S) exhibited significantly decreased percentage entries
and time spent in the white chamber (p < 0.05), indicating preference for the
black chamber and diminished drug-seeking behavior. ANOVA revealed that
after 8 weeks of dietary supplementation, AMP-S rats behaved like drug-naïve,
control animals. Conclusion: Drug-seeking behavior by amphetamine-addic-
How to cite this paper: Webber-Waugh,
A., Thaxter Nesbeth, K., Anderson-Johnson,
P., Salako-Akande, A., Asemota, H. and
Young, L. (2017) Drug Seeking Behavior of
Amphetamine Addicted Sprague-Dawley
Rats Is Eliminated after Nutritional Sup-
plementation. Journal of Behavioral and
Brain Science, 7, 585-597.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2017.712041
Received: July 21, 2017
Accepted: November 19, 2017
Published: November 22, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access