Life Science Journal 2014;11(3s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com 91 Time Dependent Changes in Circulating Biomarkers during Diabetic Pregnancies: a Perspective Case Study Mahmood Rasool 1,* , Arif Malik 2 , Khalid Mahmud Khan 3 , Saba Iqbal 4 , Mahmood Husain Qazi 5 , Muhammad Imran Naseer 1 , Muhammad Asif 6 1- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Pakistan 3- Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore, Pakistan 4- Department of Physiology, the University and College of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Lahore, Pakistan 5- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), the University of Lahore, Pakistan 6- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan Abstract: The aim of study was to estimate the changes of circulatory biomarkers in normal pregnancy and diabetic pregnancy in each trimester. The results showed imbalance between ROS and antioxidants. Increase oxidative stress throughout the pregnancy and compared that stress level with known diabetic pregnant group. In normal pregnancy the MDA (1.82 ±0.16μmol/ml) levels were high but the level are much higher in diabetic pregnant (4.48 ±0.32μmol/ml) group in 3 rd trimester. Similarly the levels of sialic acid and neuraminidase are higher in diabetic pregnant group than normal pregnant group. As well as total cholesterol, HDL and TG are increased in diabetic pregnancy as compare to normal pregnancy. GSH, SOD and catalase (antioxidant stress markers) increased during pregnant group as compare to diabetic pregnant group. So all the these results showed that ROS production increased in pregnancy and antioxidative stress enzymes balance was disturbed towards destruction even more in diabetic pregnancy. [Mahmood Rasool, Arif Malik, Khalid Mahmud Khan, Saba Iqbal, Mahmood Husain Qazi, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Muhammad Asif. Time Dependent Changes in Circulating Biomarkers during Diabetic Pregnancies: a Perspective Case Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):91-96]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 14 Key words: ROS, MDA, GSH, SOD, TG, HDL, oxidative stress, Sialic acid, Neuraminidase Introduction Pregnancy is a physiological status that alters renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, gastrointestinal, endocrine and genitourinary system. Pre-existing maternal diabetes is highly associated with increase in the risk of metabolic complications in mother as well as baby, the perinatal mortality (3.1%) and stillbirth rates (2.1%). These changes occur by the metabolic state of diabetes. Many complications may develop during pregnancy, so regular and frequent laboratory testing is required for monitoring the progress of pregnancy (Pilsczek et al., 2008). Pregnancy is a condition which can increase the oxidative stress, and disturb the balance between the prooxidant and antioxidant and leads to potential damage. During the pregnancy dynamic changes occur in multiple body systems, that ’s why increase basal oxygen consumption, and in increase in energy use by different organs including fetoplacental circulation, it is highly vascular organ and expose in high maternal oxygen partial pressure, and generate more reactive oxygen species (Casanueva et al., 2003). In normal pregnancies, the formation of free radicals and lipoperoxidation increase gradually till the end of the pregnancy, as compared to non-pregnant woman. In the same time, the antioxidant production capacity increases during the pregnancy, this can lead to an oxidative balance that is maintained throughout the pregnancy (Hung JH, 2007). In Pregnancy and diabetics there are susceptible to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism can be altered in the response of elevated levels of oxidative stress. To date, limited data on diabetes mellitus suggest that increase in the production of lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity. Extremely high level of free radicals causes damage of cellular protein, lipid and nucleic acid, which damage the cell membrane and at last cell death (Maritim et al., 2003). Materials And Methods Biochemical analysis I- The Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were estimated by the human kit method. II- Malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated by Ohkawa et al., (1979) method. III- Glutathione (GSH) was estimated by Moron et al., (1979) method. IV- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was estimated by Kakkar et al., (1984) method. V- Catalase was estimated by Aebi method (1986).