401 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 D.J. Garry et al. (eds.), Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44577-9_24 Cell Therapy and Heart Failure Glynnis A. Garry and Daniel J. Garry 24 Introduction – 402 Bone Marrow Transplantation as a Prototype for Cellular Therapy – 402 Allotransplantation of Pancreatic Islets – 403 Cell Sources for SCT for Cardiovascular Disease – 403 Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) – 403 Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) – 403 Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and CD34 + Cells – 404 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) – 404 c-Kit-Expressing Cells – 404 Myogenic Stem Cells – 404 Cardiospheres – 405 Sca-1 and Side Population (SP) Cells – 405 Stem Cell and Progenitor Cell Consortium for Cardiovascular Disease – 406 Mode of Delivery – 408 Ideal Cell Population for SCT – 408 Gaps in Knowledge and Challenges for the Future – 409 Summary – 410 References – 410 G.A. Garry, MD Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA e-mail: Glynnis.Garry@phhs.org D.J. Garry, MD, PhD (*) Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical Center, University of Minnesota, 2231, 6th Street SE, 4-146 Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA e-mail: garry@umn.edu